Kabardino-Balkaria
The Kabardino-Balkar Republic (Russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рская Респу́блика, Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika; Kabardian: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ; Karachay-Balkar: Къабарты-Малкъар Республика), or Kabardino-Balkaria (Russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рия, Kabardino-Balkariya), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic) located in the North Caucasus. Population: 859,939 (2010 Census).[7]
Geography
The republic is situated in the North Caucasus mountains, with plains in the northern part.
- Area: 12,500 square kilometers (4,800 sq mi)
- Borders:
- Highest point: Mount Elbrus (5,642 m)
- Maximum N->S distance: 167 kilometers (104 mi)
- Maximum E->W distance: 123 kilometers (76 mi)
Kabardino-Balkaria is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude.
Rivers
Major rivers include:
Lakes
There are about a hundred lakes in the republic, none of which are large. Just over half (fifty-five) are located between the Baksan and Malka Rivers, the largest each of an area of no more than 0.01 square kilometers (0.0039 sq mi). Some of the lakes are:
- Tserikkel Lake (area 26,000 m²; depth 368 m)
- Lower Goluboye Lake
- Kel-Ketchen Lake (depth 177 m)
- Upper Goluboye Lake (depth 18 m)
- Sekretnoye Lake
- Tambukan Lake (area 1.77 km²; depth 1.5 to 2 m), partially within Stavropol Krai.
Mountains
Other major mountains include:
Natural resources
Kabardino-Balkaria's natural resources include molybdenum, tungsten, and coal.
Climate
The republic has a continental type climate.
- Average January temperature: −12 °C (10 °F) (mountains) to −4 °C (25 °F) (plains)
- Average July temperature: +4 °C (39 °F) (mountains) to +23 °C (73 °F) (plains)
- Average annual precipitation: 500-2,000 mm.
Administrative divisions
History
Demographics
Population
Population: 859,939 (2010 Census results);[7] 901,494 (2002 Census);[11] 759,586 (1989 Census).[12]
Vital statistics
- Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service
|
Births |
Deaths |
Birth rate |
Death rate |
| 1970 |
11,683 |
3,913 |
19.7 |
6.6 |
| 1975 |
12,315 |
4,717 |
19.4 |
7.4 |
| 1980 |
14,098 |
5,457 |
20.7 |
8.0 |
| 1985 |
15,941 |
5,854 |
22.0 |
8.1 |
| 1990 |
15,412 |
6,573 |
20.0 |
8.5 |
| 1991 |
14,952 |
6,995 |
19.0 |
8.9 |
| 1992 |
13,728 |
7,093 |
17.2 |
8.9 |
| 1993 |
11,781 |
7,864 |
14.6 |
9.7 |
| 1994 |
11,407 |
8,052 |
14.0 |
9.9 |
| 1995 |
10,844 |
8,236 |
13.1 |
9.9 |
| 1996 |
10,293 |
8,199 |
12.2 |
9.8 |
| 1997 |
10,016 |
7,985 |
11.7 |
9.4 |
| 1998 |
9,997 |
8,201 |
11.5 |
9.5 |
| 1999 |
9,221 |
8,292 |
10.5 |
9.5 |
| 2000 |
9,207 |
8,792 |
10.4 |
10.0 |
| 2001 |
8,892 |
8,778 |
10.0 |
9.9 |
| 2002 |
9,119 |
8,954 |
10.2 |
10.0 |
| 2003 |
9,294 |
9,202 |
10.3 |
10.2 |
| 2004 |
9,414 |
8,695 |
10.5 |
9.7 |
| 2005 |
8,991 |
9,034 |
10.0 |
10.1 |
| 2006 |
9,308 |
8,764 |
10.4 |
9.8 |
| 2007 |
11,397 |
8,441 |
12.8 |
9.5 |
| 2008 |
12,052 |
8,095 |
13.5 |
9.1 |
| 2009 |
12,143 |
8,406 |
13.9 |
9.6 |
| 2010 |
12,576 |
8,080 |
14.6 |
9.4 |
Ethnic groups
Kabardino-Balkaria includes two major ethnic communities, the Kabardins (Circassians), who speak a North-West Caucasian language, and the Balkars, who speak a Turkic language). According to the 2010 Census,[7] Kabardins make up 57.2% of the republic's population, followed by Russians (22.5%) and Balkars (12.7%). Other groups include Ossetians (1.1%), Turks (1.6%), Ukrainians (0.6%), Armenians (0.6%), Koreans (0.5%), Chechens (0.2%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.
Ethnic
group |
1926 census1 |
1939 census |
1959 census |
1970 census |
1979 census |
1989 census |
2002 census |
2010 census3 |
| Number |
% |
Number |
% |
Number |
% |
Number |
% |
Number |
% |
Number |
% |
Number |
% |
Number |
% |
| Kabardins |
122,237 |
54.2% |
152,237 |
42.4% |
190,284 |
45.3% |
264,675 |
45.0% |
303,604 |
45.5% |
364,494 |
48.2% |
498,7022 |
55.3% |
490,453 |
57.2% |
| Balkars |
33,197 |
14.7% |
40,747 |
11.3% |
34,088 |
8.1% |
51,356 |
8.7% |
59,710 |
9.0% |
70,793 |
9.4% |
104,951 |
11.6% |
108,577 |
12.7% |
| Russians |
32,622 |
14.5% |
129,067 |
35.9% |
162,586 |
38.7% |
218,595 |
37.2% |
234,137 |
35.1% |
240,750 |
31.9% |
226,620 |
25.1% |
193,155 |
22.5% |
| Ossetians |
3,839 |
1.7% |
4,608 |
1.3% |
6,442 |
1.5% |
9,167 |
1.6% |
9,710 |
1.5% |
9,996 |
1.3% |
9,845 |
1.1% |
9,129 |
1.1% |
| Ukrainians |
24,723 |
11.0% |
11,142 |
3.1% |
8,400 |
2.0% |
10,620 |
1.8% |
12,139 |
1.8% |
12,826 |
1.7% |
7,592 |
0.8% |
4,800 |
0.6% |
| Others |
8,803 |
3.9% |
21,328 |
5.9% |
18,315 |
4.4% |
33,790 |
5.7% |
47,246 |
7.1% |
55,672 |
7.4% |
53,784 |
6.0% |
51,556 |
6.0% |
| 1 The results of the 1926 census refer to the present territory, which is a combination of the Kabardo-Balkar AO and a part of the Terek district. The latter area was mainly inhabited by Russians and Ukranians.[13]
2 In view of the results of the 1989 census and the 2010 census, the number of Kabardins in 2002 seems unlikely high.
3 2,269 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[14]
|
Religion
The majority of the population is Muslim.[15]
Politics
The head of government in Kabardino-Balkaria is the President. The current President is Arsen Kanokov, who has held the position since September 2005.
The legislative body of the Republic is the Parliament comprising 72 deputies elected for a five year term.[4][16]
The Constitution of Kabardino-Balkaria was adopted on September 1, 1997.
See also
References
- ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000).
- ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
- ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/4338292.stm BBC:Country profile
- ^ a b c Constitution, Article 11.1
- ^ Official website of the President of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. Biography (Russian)
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_03.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
- ^ a b c d Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Информационные материалы об окончательных итогах Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Information on the final results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/perepis_itogi1612.htm. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
- ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication).
- ^ Official the whole territory of Russia according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
- ^ Constitution, Article 76.1
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- ^ http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnkbr.html
- ^ http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936
- ^ [1]
- ^ Constitution, Article 94.
Sources
- Парламент Кабардино-Балкарской Республики. №28-РЗ 1 сентября 1997 г. «Конституция Кабардино-Балкарской Республики», в ред. Закона №39-РЗ от 10 июля 2008 г. (Parliament of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. #28-RZ September 1, 1997 Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, as amended by the Law #39-RZ of July 10, 2008. ).
External links
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