KPNA4
Importin subunit alpha-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KPNA4 gene.[1][2]
The nuclear import of karyophilic proteins is directed by short amino acid sequences termed nuclear localization signals (NLSs). Karyopherins, or importins, are cytoplasmic proteins that recognize NLSs and dock NLS-containing proteins to the nuclear pore complex. The protein encoded by this gene shares the sequence similarity with Xenopus importin-alpha and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Srp1. This protein is found to interact with the NLSs of DNA helicase Q1 and SV40 T antigen.[3]
Interactions
KPNA4 has been shown to interact with RECQL.[1]
References
Further reading
- Bukrinsky MI, Haffar OK (2004). "HIV-1 nuclear import: in search of a leader.". Front. Biosci. 2: d578–87. PMID 9366553.
- Bukrinsky MI, Haffar OK (1998). "HIV-1 nuclear import: matrix protein is back on center stage, this time together with Vpr". Mol. Med. 4 (3): 138–43. PMC 2230352. PMID 9562972. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2230352.
- Bukrinsky MI, Sharova N, Dempsey MP et al. (1992). "Active nuclear import of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 preintegration complexes". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (14): 6580–4. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.14.6580. PMC 49545. PMID 1631159. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=49545.
- Sharova N, Bukrinskaya A (1991). "p17 and p17-containing gag precursors of input human immunodeficiency virus are transported into the nuclei of infected cells". AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 7 (3): 303–6. doi:10.1089/aid.1991.7.303. PMID 2064827.
- Di Marzio P, Choe S, Ebright M et al. (1996). "Mutational analysis of cell cycle arrest, nuclear localization and virion packaging of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr". J. Virol. 69 (12): 7909–16. PMC 189735. PMID 7494303. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=189735.
- Gallay P, Swingler S, Song J et al. (1995). "HIV nuclear import is governed by the phosphotyrosine-mediated binding of matrix to the core domain of integrase". Cell 83 (4): 569–76. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90097-7. PMID 7585960.
- Freed EO, Englund G, Martin MA (1995). "Role of the basic domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix in macrophage infection". J. Virol. 69 (6): 3949–54. PMC 189124. PMID 7745752. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=189124.
- Gallay P, Swingler S, Aiken C, Trono D (1995). "HIV-1 infection of nondividing cells: C-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation of the viral matrix protein is a key regulator". Cell 80 (3): 379–88. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90488-3. PMID 7859280.
- von Schwedler U, Kornbluth RS, Trono D (1994). "The nuclear localization signal of the matrix protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 allows the establishment of infection in macrophages and quiescent T lymphocytes". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (15): 6992–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.15.6992. PMC 44324. PMID 8041734. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=44324.
- Heinzinger NK, Bukinsky MI, Haggerty SA et al. (1994). "The Vpr protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 influences nuclear localization of viral nucleic acids in nondividing host cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (15): 7311–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.15.7311. PMC 44389. PMID 8041786. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=44389.
- Bukrinsky MI, Haggerty S, Dempsey MP et al. (1993). "A nuclear localization signal within HIV-1 matrix protein that governs infection of non-dividing cells". Nature 365 (6447): 666–9. doi:10.1038/365666a0. PMID 8105392.
- Dubrovsky L, Ulrich P, Nuovo GJ et al. (1996). "Nuclear localization signal of HIV-1 as a novel target for therapeutic intervention". Mol. Med. 1 (2): 217–30. PMC 2229944. PMID 8529100. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2229944.
- Gallay P, Stitt V, Mundy C et al. (1996). "Role of the karyopherin pathway in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nuclear import". J. Virol. 70 (2): 1027–32. PMC 189908. PMID 8551560. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=189908.
- Bukrinskaya AG, Ghorpade A, Heinzinger NK et al. (1996). "Phosphorylation-dependent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and nuclear targeting of viral DNA". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (1): 367–71. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.1.367. PMC 40239. PMID 8552640. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=40239.
- Sato A, Yoshimoto J, Isaka Y et al. (1996). "Evidence for direct association of Vpr and matrix protein p17 within the HIV-1 virion". Virology 220 (1): 208–12. doi:10.1006/viro.1996.0302. PMID 8659115.
- Popov S, Dubrovsky L, Lee MA et al. (1996). "Critical role of reverse transcriptase in the inhibitory mechanism of CNI-H0294 on HIV-1 nuclear translocation". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (21): 11859–64. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.21.11859. PMC 38149. PMID 8876228. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=38149.
- Freed EO, Englund G, Maldarelli F, Martin MA (1997). "Phosphorylation of residue 131 of HIV-1 matrix is not required for macrophage infection". Cell 88 (2): 171–3; discussion 173–4. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81836-X. PMID 9008157.
- Gallay P, Hope T, Chin D, Trono D (1997). "HIV-1 infection of nondividing cells through the recognition of integrase by the importin/karyopherin pathway". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (18): 9825–30. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.18.9825. PMC 23276. PMID 9275210. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=23276.
- Besançon F, Just J, Bourgeade MF et al. (1997). "HIV-1 p17 and IFN-gamma both induce fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase". J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 17 (8): 461–7. doi:10.1089/jir.1997.17.461. PMID 9282826.