KIR3DL3
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIR3DL3 gene.[1][2]
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. This gene is one of the "framework" loci that is present on all haplotypes.[2]
References
- ^ Long EO, Barber DF, Burshtyn DN, Faure M, Peterson M, Rajagopalan S, Renard V, Sandusky M, Stebbins CC, Wagtmann N, Watzl C (Aug 2001). "Inhibition of natural killer cell activation signals by killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (CD158)". Immunol Rev 181: 223–233. doi:10.1034/j.1600-065X.2001.1810119.x. PMID 11513144.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: KIR3DL3 killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, three domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 3". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=115653.
Further reading
- Dou LP, Zheng DH, Wang C et al. (2008). "The diversity of KIR gene in Chinese Northern Han population and the impact of donor KIR and patient HLA genotypes on outcome following HLA-identical sibling allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematological malignancy in Chinese people". Int. J. Hematol. 87 (4): 422–433. doi:10.1007/s12185-008-0058-7. PMID 18347914.
- Pavlova Y, Kolesar L, Striz I et al. (2008). "Distribution of KIR genes in the Czech population". Int. J. Immunogenet. 35 (1): 57–61. doi:10.1111/j.1744-313X.2007.00737.x. PMID 18186800.
- Zhi-ming L, Yu-lian J, Zhao-lei F et al. (2008). "Polymorphisms of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene: possible association with susceptibility to or clearance of hepatitis B virus infection in Chinese Han population". Croat. Med. J. 48 (6): 800–807. doi:10.3325/cmj.2007.6.800. PMC 2213808. PMID 18074414. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2213808.
- Middleton D, Meenagh A, Sleator C et al. (2007). "No association of KIR genes with Behcet's disease". Tissue Antigens 70 (5): 435–438. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00929.x. PMID 17868255.
- Flores AC, Marcos CY, Paladino N et al. (2007). "KIR genes polymorphism in Argentinean Caucasoid and Amerindian populations". Tissue Antigens 69 (6): 568–576. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00824.x. PMID 17498266.
- Chen AM, Guo XM, Yan WY et al. (2007). "[Polymorphism of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene and its correlation with leukemia]". Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 15 (1): 35–8. PMID 17490516.
- Jones DC, Hiby SE, Moffett A et al. (2006). "Nature of allelic sequence polymorphism at the KIR3DL3 locus". Immunogenetics 58 (8): 614–627. doi:10.1007/s00251-006-0130-5. PMID 16823588.
- Steiner NK, Hurley CK (2006). "KIR3DL3 allelic diversity: six new alleles exhibit both conservative and non-conservative substitutions". Tissue Antigens 67 (4): 277–283. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00567.x. PMID 16634863.
- Zhu FM, Jiang K, Lü QF et al. (2005). "[Polymorphism of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors gene family in Zhejiang Han population]". Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 13 (6): 1109–12. PMID 16403292.
- Trundley AE, Hiby SE, Chang C et al. (2006). "Molecular characterization of KIR3DL3". Immunogenetics 57 (12): 904–916. doi:10.1007/s00251-005-0060-7. PMID 16391939.
- Jiang K, Zhu FM, Lv QF, Yan LX (2005). "Distribution of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in the Chinese Han population". Tissue Antigens 65 (6): 556–563. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00412.x. PMID 15896204.
- Trompeter HI, Gómez-Lozano N, Santourlidis S et al. (2005). "Three structurally and functionally divergent kinds of promoters regulate expression of clonally distributed killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR), of KIR2DL4, and of KIR3DL3". J. Immunol. 174 (7): 4135–43. PMID 15778373.
- Arnheim L, Dillner J, Sanjeevi CB (2005). "A population-based cohort study of KIR genes and genotypes in relation to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia". Tissue Antigens 65 (3): 252–259. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00359.x. PMID 15730517.
- Norman PJ, Carrington CV, Byng M et al. (2002). "Natural killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) locus profiles in African and South Asian populations". Genes Immun. 3 (2): 86–95. doi:10.1038/sj.gene.6363836. PMID 11960306.
- Torkar M, Norgate Z, Colonna M et al. (1999). "Isotypic variation of novel immunoglobulin-like transcript/killer cell inhibitory receptor loci in the leukocyte receptor complex". Eur. J. Immunol. 28 (12): 3959–3967. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199812)28:12<3959::AID-IMMU3959>3.0.CO;2-2. PMID 9862332.