NCEH1

Neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1
Identifiers
Symbols NCEH1; AADACL1; KIAA1363; NCEH
External IDs OMIM: 613234 HomoloGene: 23251 GeneCards: NCEH1 Gene
EC number 3.1.1.-
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 57552 320024
Ensembl ENSG00000144959 ENSMUSG00000027698
UniProt Q6PIU2 Q8BLF1
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001146276 NM_178772.3
RefSeq (protein) NP_001139748 NP_848887.1
Location (UCSC) Chr 3:
172.35 – 172.43 Mb		 Chr 3:
27.08 – 27.18 Mb
PubMed search [1] [2]

Neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 (NCEH) also known as arylacetamide deacetylase-like 1 (AADACL1) or KIAA1363 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NCEH1 gene.[1]

NCEH is an enzyme located at the endoplasmic reticulum. NCEH hydrolyzes 2-acetyl monoalkylglycerol ether, as part of an enzymatic pathway regulating the levels of platelet activating factor and lysophospholipids that may be involved in cancer development.[2][3]

Contents

Function

The enzymatic reaction catalyzed by NCEH is:[2]

Monoalkylglycerol ethers (MAGEs) can then be converted to lysophospholipids alkyl-lysophosphatidic acid (alkyl-LPA) and alkyl-lysophosphatidylcholine (alkyl-LPC).

Controversial studies by one group also implicate the protein in the hydrolysis of cholesterol esters.[4] However, loss of the protein in mice selectively reduces 2-acetyl monoalkylglycerol ether activity throughout the body.[3]

Clinical significance

Evidence suggests a role for NCEH in cancer. Cancer cell lines contain unusually high levels of the protein.[5] Reduction of the amount of NCEH1 in cancer cells reduces tumor migration and growth in mice and addition of alkyl-LPA restores these processes.[2]

NCEH can break down organophosphates like the pesticide metabolite chlorpyrifos oxon.[6] Conversely, enzymatic activity can be inhibited by organophosphates.[7]

Structure

NCEH is a serine hydrolase that contains an N-terminal transmembrane domain, a central catalytic domain and a lipid-binding domain at its C-terminus.[4] The protein exists in three isoforms that result from differences in mRNA splicing. Transcripts encode a protein for isoform a of 448, b of 440 and c of 275 amino acids long.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Entrez Gene: Neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&list_uids=57552. 
  2. ^ a b c Chiang KP, Niessen S, Saghatelian A, Cravatt BF (Oct 2006). "An enzyme that regulates ether lipid signaling pathways in cancer annotated by multidimensional profiling". Chem Biol 13 (10): 1041–50. doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2006.08.008. PMID 17052608. 
  3. ^ a b Buchebner M, Pfeifer T, Rathke N, Chandak PG, Lass A, Schreiber R, Kratzer A, Zimmermann R, Sattler W, Koefeler H, Fröhlich E, Kostner GM, Birner-Gruenberger R, Chiang KP, Haemmerle G, Zechner R, Levak-Frank S, Cravatt B, Kratky D (Oct 2010). "Cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity is abolished in HSL-/- macrophages but unchanged in macrophages lacking KIAA1363". J Lipid Res 51 (10): 2896–908. doi:10.1194/jlr.M004259. PMC 2936755. PMID 20625037. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2936755. 
  4. ^ a b Igarashi M, Osuga J, Uozaki H, Sekiya M, Nagashima S, Takahashi M, Takase S, Takanashi M, Li Y, Ohta K, Kumagai M, Nishi M, Hosokawa M, Fledelius C, Jacobsen P, Yagyu H, Fukayama M, Nagai R, Kadowaki T, Ohashi K, Ishibashi S (Nov 2010). "The critical role of neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 in cholesterol removal from human macrophages". Circ Res 107 (11): 1387–95. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.226613. PMID 20947831. 
  5. ^ Jessani N, Liu Y, Humphrey M, Cravatt BF (Aug 2002). "Enzyme activity profiles of the secreted and membrane proteome that depict cancer cell invasiveness". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99 (16): 10335–40. doi:10.1073/pnas.162187599. PMC 124915. PMID 12149457. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=124915. 
  6. ^ Nomura DK, Leung D, Chiang KP, Quistad GB, Cravatt BF, Casida JE (Apr 2005). "A brain detoxifying enzyme for organophosphorus nerve poisons". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102 (17): 6195–200. doi:10.1073/pnas.0501915102. PMC 1087944. PMID 15840715. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1087944. 
  7. ^ Quistad GB, Liang SN, Fisher KJ, Nomura DK, Casida JE (May 2006). "Each lipase has a unique sensitivity profile for organophosphorus inhibitors". Toxicol Sci 91 (1): 166–72. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfj124. PMID 16449251. 

Further reading