| John Gregg | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | John Gregg |
| Nickname | "Grugg", "The Reaper" |
| Born | 1957 |
| Died | 1 February 2003 Belfast, Northern Ireland |
| Buried at | Carnmoney Cemetery |
| Allegiance | Ulster Defence Association |
| Service/branch | UDA South East Antrim Brigade |
| Years of service | 1971-2003 |
| Rank | Brigadier |
| Conflict | The Troubles |
| Relations | Stuart Gregg (son) |
John Gregg (1957 - 1 February 2003) (nicknamed "Grugg") was a senior member of the UDA/UFF loyalist organisation in Northern Ireland. From the 1990s until his shooting death by rival associates, he served as brigadier of its South East Antrim Brigade. He was considered a "hawk" in Loyalist circles.[1]
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Born in 1957 and raised in a Protestant family, Gregg joined the Ulster Young Militants (UYM), the youth wing of the loyalist paramilitary Ulster Defence Association (UDA) at the age of 14.[2] He spent six months in jail for rioting in 1977.[2] He later became part of the UDA South East Antrim Brigade. Members of this brigade were believed to be behind the killings of Catholic postman Danny McColgan, Protestant teenager Gavin Brett and Trevor Lowry (the latter kicked to death in the mistaken belief he was a Catholic), and a spate of pipe bomb attacks on the homes of Catholics.[1]
On 14 March 1984, he severely wounded Sinn Féin president Gerry Adams in an attack supposedly ordered as a response to the earlier killings of Ulster Unionist Party politicians Robert Bradford and Edgar Graham.[3] Gregg, at the time the head of the UDA commando in Rathcoole, was in charge of a three man hit team that pulled up alongside Adams' car near Belfast City Hall and opened fire injuring Adams and his three fellow passengers, who nonetheless escaped to seek treatment at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast.[3]
Gregg and his team were apprehended almost immediately by a British Army patrol that opened fire on them before ramming their car.[3] The attack had been known in advance by security forces due to a tip-off from informants within Rathcoole; Adams and his co-passengers had survived in part because Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) officers, acting on the informants' information, had replaced much of the ammunition in the UDA's Rathcoole weapons dump with low-velocity bullets.[4]
Gregg was jailed for 18 years; however, he only served half his sentence and was released in 1993.[5] When asked by the BBC in prison if he regretted anything about the shooting, his reply was, "Only that I didn't succeed."[1]
Following his release from prison, Gregg returned to Rathcoole where he again became an important figure, taking a central role in the illegal drug trades, with Gregg's Rathcoole stronghold a centre of narcotics.[6] Sometime after the Combined Loyalist Military Command of 1994 he succeeded Joe English, who had emerged as a leading figure in the Ulster Democratic Party, as brigadier of the East Antrim UDA.[7] Under Gregg the East Antrim Brigade were prepared to ignore the terms of the loyalist ceasefire, such as on the 25th April 1997 when he dispatched a five man team to Carrickfergus to set fire to a Catholic church in retaliation for a similar attack on a Protestant church in East Belfast (although this earlier attack had actually been organised by dissident loyalists seeking to provoke the UDA into returning to violence).[8] Gregg's fearsome reputation earned him the nickname "the Reaper" and he bore a tattoo of the Grim Reaper on his back as a tribute.[9]
Gregg played the bass drum in the UDA-affiliated flute band Cloughfern Young Conquerors, a loyalist flute band which police claimed regularly caused trouble at Orange Order parades.[10] In late August 1997 this band was one of a number of similar flute bands to travel to Derry for the annual Apprentice Boys of Derry march through the city centre. As the band prepared to take the train home that evening they met members of the Shankill Protestant Boys, another band in town for the parade that was affiliated to the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF). Brawls between the two had been frequent and tensions had been growing between the UDA and UVF leading to a drink-fuelled pitched battle between the two groups at the train station. During the course of the melee a Shankill Protestant Boys member managed to gouge out Gregg's eye.[11]
Along with Jackie McDonald and Billy McFarland, fellow brigadiers on the UDA's Inner Council, Gregg was lacking in enthusiasm for the Belfast Agreement when it appeared in 1998.[12] Throughout 1999 his brigade continued to be active, undertaking a pipe bomb campaign against Catholic homes whilst on 12 May members of his brigade shot and wounded a Catholic builder in Carrickfergus under the cover name "Protestant Liberation Force". Much of this activity was inspired by Gregg's personal hatred of Catholics.[13] Indeed a senior police source once described him as a man driven by "pure and absolute bigotry".[1] Gregg was also characterised as "a bully, a racketeer, and a sectarian bigot who took particular delight in carrying out vicious punishment attacks and randomly targeting Roman Catholics."[10] In 2000 he helped to ensure that a proposal before the Inner Council to initiate the decommissioning of weapons was rejected.[14]
Having witnessed demographic shifts in Glengormley and Crumlin, traditionally unionist towns that had become majority nationalist on account of people moving out of Belfast, he determined that the same thing would not happen in Carrickfergus and Larne and so launched a campaign of pipe bomb and arson attacks on Catholic homes. Perhaps the main target proved to be Danny O'Connor, a Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) representative on initially Larne Borough Council and then the Northern Ireland Assembly, whose home and office were attacked at least twelve times by Gregg's men between 2000 and 2002.[15] Trevor Lowry (aged 49) was beaten to death in Glengormley by UDA members under Gregg's command on 11 April 2001 after he was mistaken for a Catholic.[16]
In late 2001, Gregg's reign of terror in Rathcoole, where drug dealing, knee-capping and savage beatings were the norm, was challenged by local labour councillor Mark Langhammer, who also objected to Gregg's close links to neo-Nazi groups in the United Kingdom.[9] He called on the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) to establish an auxiliary police "clinic" on the estate, which had no permanent police building, so as locals concerned about crime could have somewhere to go.[17] This followed in summer 2002 when a community centre was taken over for this purpose although Gregg's UDA objected and daubed the building with the word "tout".[17] On 4 September Langhammer's car was blown up outside his Whiteabbey home by Gregg's men, although Langhammer himself was asleep at the time and no one was injured.[16]
Despite the continuing activity of his brigade, and his own earlier maiming, Gregg shared the reluctance of other brigadiers about what he saw as a coming war between the UVF and West Belfast brigadier Johnny Adair.[18] Nonetheless he was not keen to antagonise Adair and so, along with McFarland, McDonald and Jimbo Simpson, accepted his invitation to attended a "Loyalist Day of Culture" organised by Adair on the Lower Shankill on 19 August 2000. Old tensions resurfaced however and after Adair's men fought with UVF supporters at the Shankill's Rex Bar Adair launched a pogrom of the lower Shankill, forcing out all UVF members and their families and initiating a loyalist feud.[19]
Gregg initially remained aloof from the struggle and instead concentrated on his anti-Catholic campaign. However in the second half of 2002 he was dragged into the conflict after Adair made him a target in his own attempts to take full control of the UDA. A UDA member originally from the Woodvale Road had moved to Rathcoole where he had been beaten up after it emerged that he was a friend of Joe English, the former brigadier who had been exiled from the estate by Gregg for his anti-drugs stance.[20] As a result of the attack three Woodvale UDA members went to Gregg and complained about the attack. Gregg took this as a threat and, after complaining to senior figures in the West Belfast UDA, ordered the three men to be kneecapped.[21] The shootings raised some anger on the Shankill, where the three were well-liked figures, and Adair sought to exploit this as a method of getting rid of Gregg. He sought to portray Gregg as unstable and thuggish and spread a rumour that he was about to be replaced as brigadier.[22] By September Adair had even circulated stories to contacts in the media that Gregg was under death threat from the UDA.[20] Indeed in late August Adair had even managed to have Gregg stood down as Brigadier for "not being militant enough" and replaced by one his own associates.[5] This proved short-lived however and in October 2002 Gregg was one of the brigadiers who passed the resolution expelling Adair from the UDA for his involvement in the murder of Jim Gray.[23]
Adair ignored the expulsion, erecting "West Belfast UDA - Business as Usual" banners on the Shankill Road, whilst continuing his struggles with the remaining brigadiers, Gregg in particular.[24] On 8 December a bomb was found under Gregg's car, apparently placed there by one of Adair's allies from the Loyalist Volunteer Force.[25] Soon after two pipe bombs were thrown at Gregg's house and his friend Tommy Kirkham's house was shot at.[26] In response graffiti appeared around the walls of Rathcoole in December, stating "Daft Dog and White beware. The Reaper is coming for you" as a threat to "Mad Dog" Adair and his ally John White.[27] A bomb attack on Adair's house on 8 January 2003 was blamed on Gregg by White, although Adair himself was returned to prison two days later after a dossier detailing his drug-dealing and racketeering activities was shown to Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Paul Murphy.[28]
In February 2003, along with another UDA member, Rab Carson, he was killed on Nelson Street, in the old Sailortown district near Belfast docks, while travelling in a taxi after returning from Glasgow where he regularly went to watch Rangers F.C.[10] Gregg had been a regular visitor to Ibrox Park for a number of years, often in the company of Michael Stone, and had even picked up a conviction for violence at an Old Firm match. Gregg's movements were known to C Company member Alan McCullough who, receiving instruction from Adair who was at the time in HMP Maghaberry, arranged for a hit team to kill Gregg and his associate as a taxi took them from the port of Belfast.[29] Gregg's 18 year old son Stuart was also in the car but was not hurt in the attack.[28] At the time of his death, Gregg was married with one son and two stepdaughters.
Gregg's death proved to be the undoing of Adair. Despite his reputation for gangsterism Gregg's attack on Gerry Adams had afforded him legendary status and, under the direction of Jackie McDonald, the remaining UDA brigadiers concluded that Adair had to be removed.[30] Gregg was given a paramilitary funeral which was attended by thousands of mourners. A volley of shots was fired over his coffin by UDA gunmen outside his Rathcoole home. Afterwards a lone piper led the cortege to Carnmoney Cemetery where he was buried. At the service on 6 February, UVF representatives joined the UDA leadership in a show of anti-Adair solidarity. That same night Jackie McDonald's forces invaded the lower Shankill and ran those members of C Company that had remained loyal to Adair, who was still in prison, out of the city.[31]
| Other offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Joe English |
Ulster Defence Association South East Antrim Brigadier 1990s–2003 |
Succeeded by Gary Fisher |