| Jean Alexandre Eugène Dieudonné | |
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Jean Alexandre Eugène Dieudonné
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| Born | 1 July 1906 Lille, France |
| Died | 29 November 1992 (aged 86) Paris, France |
| Nationality | France |
| Fields | Mathematics |
| Institutions | University of São Paulo University of Nancy University of Michigan Northwestern University Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques University of Nice |
| Alma mater | École Normale Supérieure |
| Doctoral advisor | Paul Montel |
| Doctoral students | Edmond Fedida Alexander Grothendieck Kishore Marathe |
| Known for | Cartan–Dieudonné theorem |
Jean Alexandre Eugène Dieudonné (1 July 1906 – 29 November 1992) was a French mathematician, notable for research in abstract algebra and functional analysis, for close involvement with the Nicolas Bourbaki pseudonymous group and the Éléments de géométrie algébrique project of Alexander Grothendieck, and as a historian of mathematics, particularly in the fields of functional analysis and algebraic topology. His work on the classical groups (the book La Géométrie des groupes classiques was published in 1955), and on formal groups, introducing what now are called Dieudonné modules, had a major effect on those fields.
He was born and brought up in Lille, with a formative stay in England where he was introduced to algebra. In 1924 he was accepted for the École Normale Supérieure, where André Weil was a contemporary. He began working, conventionally enough, in complex analysis. In 1934 he was one of the group of normaliens convened by Weil, which would become 'Bourbaki'.
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He served in the French Army during World War II, and then taught in Clermont-Ferrand until the liberation of France. After holding professorships at the University of São Paulo (1946–47), the University of Nancy (1948–1952) and the University of Michigan (1952–53), he joined the Department of Mathematics at Northwestern University in 1953, before returning to France as a founding member of the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques. He moved to the University of Nice to found the Department of Mathematics in 1964, and retired in 1970. He was elected as a member of the Académie des Sciences in 1968.
He drafted much of the Bourbaki series of texts, the many volumes of the EGA algebraic geometry series, and nine volumes of his own Traité d'Analyse. The first volume of the Traité is a French translation of the book Foundations of Modern Analysis (1960), which had become a graduate textbook on functional analysis.
He also wrote individual monographs on Infinitesimal Calculus, Linear Algebra and Elementary Geometry, invariant theory, commutative algebra, algebraic geometry, and formal groups.
With Laurent Schwartz he supervised the early research of Alexander Grothendieck; later from 1959 to 1964 he was at IHÉS alongside Grothendieck, and collaborating on the expository work needed to support the project of refounding algebraic geometry on the new basis of schemes.