| History of Bahrain | |
|---|---|
This article is part of a series |
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| Ancient Bahrain | |
| Dilmun | |
| Tylos and Mishmahig | |
| Awal | |
| Historical region | |
| Islam in Bahrain | |
| Al-Ala'a Al-Hadrami | |
| Qarmatians | |
| Usfurid dynasty | |
| Jarwanid dynasty | |
| Jabrid dynasty | |
| Portuguese occupation | |
| Muqrin ibn Zamil | |
| Antonio Correia | |
| Safavid hegemony (1602-1717) | |
| 1717 Omani invasion of Bahrain | |
| Al Khalifa and the British Protectorate |
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| 1783 Bani Utbah invasion of Bahrain | |
| Perpetual Truce of Peace and Friendship (1861) |
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| First Oil Well (1932) | |
| 20th Century Bahrain | |
| National Union Committee | |
| March 1965 Intifada | |
| State Security Law era | |
| 1981 coup d'état attempt | |
| 1990s Uprising | |
| 2011 Uprising | |
| Topical | |
| Military history of Bahrain | |
| Timeline of Bahrain history | |
|
Bahrain Portal |
The Jarwanid Dynasty was a Shia dynasty that ruled the Province of Bahrain in the 14th century. It was founded by Jerwan I bin Nasser al-Maliki and was based in Qatif. The dynasty was a vassal of the Kingdom of Ormus.[1][2]
The Jarwanids belonged to the clan of Bani Malik. It is disputed whether they belonged to the Banu Uqayl -- the tribe of their predecessors the Usfurids and their successors the Jabrids -- or to the Banu Abdul Qays, to whom the Uyunid dynasty (1076-1235) belonged.[3] The Jarwanids came to power some time in the 14th century, after expelling the forces of Sa'eed ibn Mughamis, the chief of the Muntafiq tribe based in the Iraqi city of Basrah.
Contemporary sources such Ibn Battuta and Ibn Hajar[4] describe the Jarwanids as being "extreme Rawafidh," a term for Shi'ites who rejected the first three Caliphs, while a 15th century Sunni scholar from Egypt describes them as being "remnants of the Qarmatians." Historian Juan Cole concludes from this that they were Isma'ilis.[5] However, the Twelver Shi'ite sect was promoted under their rule, and Twelver scholars held the judgeships and other important positions, including the chief of the hisba.[5] Also, unlike under the Qarmatians, Islamic prayers were held in the mosques under Jarwanid rule, and prayer was called under the Shi'ite formula. A Twelver scholar of the 14th century, Jamaluddeen Al-Mutawwa', belonged to the house of Jarwan.[5][6] According to Al-Humaydan, who specialized in the history of eastern Arabia, the Jarwanids were Twelvers, and the term "Qaramita" was used simply as an epithet for "Shi'ite."[7][8]
Jarwanid rule came to an end in the 15th century at the hands of the Jabrids, a clan of the Banu Uqayl bedouins.