| Jarosław | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Corpus Christi church | |||
|
|||
|
Jarosław
|
|||
| Coordinates: | |||
| Country | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship | Subcarpathian | ||
| County | Jarosław County | ||
| Gmina | Jarosław (urban gmina) | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Andrzej Wyczawski | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 34.46 km2 (13.3 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2006) | |||
| • Total | 40,549 | ||
| • Density | 1,176.7/km2 (3,047.6/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 37-500 | ||
| Car plates | RJA | ||
| Website | http://www.jaroslaw.pl | ||
Jarosław [jaˈrɔswaf] (Yiddish: יאַרעסלאָוו Yareslov, German: Jaroslau, Ukrainian: Ярослав) is a town in south-eastern Poland, with 40,167 inhabitants, as of 2 June 2009.[1] Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (since 1999), previously in Przemyśl Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is the capital of Jarosław County.
Contents |
The city was established by the Ruthenian prince Yaroslav the Wise in the 11th century. It was granted Magdeburg rights by Polish prince Władysław Opolczyk in 1375.
The city quickly developed as important trade centre and a port on the San river, reaching the period of its greatest prosperity in 16th and 17th century, with trade routes linking Silesia with Ruthenia and Gdańsk with Hungary coming through it and merchants from such distant countries as Spain, England, Finland, Armenia and Persia arriving at the annual three week long fair on the feast of the Assumption. In 1574 a Jesuit college was established in Jarosław.
In the 1590s Tatars from the Ottoman Empire pillaged the surrounding countryside. (See Moldavian Magnate Wars, The Magnate Wars (1593–1617), Causes.) They were unable to overcome the city's fortifications, but their raids started to diminish the city's economic strength and importance. Outbreaks of bubonic plague in the 1620s and the Swedish The Deluge in 1655-60 further undermined its prominence. In the Great Northern War of 1700-21 the region was repeatedly pillaged by Russian, Saxon and Swedish armies, causing the city to decline further.
Jarosław was under Austrian rule from the First Partition of Poland in 1772 until Poland regained independence in 1918. After the 2nd World War the city remained part of Poland. Poland's communist government expelled most of Jarosław's Ukrainian population, at first to Soviet territories and later to territories transferred from Germany to Poland in 1944-45.
The first Jews came there in 1464.
The first rabbi of Jeroslaw was rabbi Nathan Neta Ashkenazi, in 1590. A year later the new "Council of four countries" (Vaad Arba Aratzot) began convening in Jaroslaw, rotating the meeting with city of Lvov.
Until 1608 with a small Jewish community, religious facilities where not allowed. Still rabbi Solomon Efraim of Lontschitz (the author of "Kli Yakar") a prominent and well known rabbi lived here. By 1670 there was a large "government" synagogue, created although protested by the Christian community of the city. During attacks on the city by Tatars and Swedes, Jewish merchandise and sometimes homes where set fire to. In 1765 there were 1,884 Jews in the city and towns around it. A Jewish school was established sometime later. Famous rabbi Levi Isaac of Barditchev studied here circa 1760 and was called "the genius of Yeruslav". A fire in 1805 burnt down the old synagogue and a new one, was established more according to tradition, to replace it. The new synagogue was completed in 1811. A census taken in 1901 notes that Jews where 25% of the population: 5701 Jewish families.
In a story about the Jacob Kranc told by Rabby Jacob Orenstein around 1850, about the appointment of the Jarosław rabbi[2]
In 1921 the last rabbi was appointed, rabbi Shmaiya Halevi Steinberg. He wrote a book about the Jews of his town, and in the 1930s sent two copies to the National Hebrew Library in Jerusalem. These copies are the only surviving copies of the book after the holocaust.
In September 1939, Jarosław was captured by Germany with no battle. Most of the Jews crossed the Sahn river to the Soviet side and hid in the Ural mountains, including the elder rabbi and his family. Those that stayed were shot and killed by the German soldiers.
The first transport to Auschwitz coincided with 19 (non Jewish) Poles from Jaroslaw.
|
|
||||||||||
|
||||||||