| Sport | Baseball |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1915 |
| No. of teams | 49 |
| Country(ies) | Japan |
| Most recent champion(s) | Konan (Okinawa) |
| Most titles | Chukyodai Chukyo (7 titles) |
| TV partner(s) | NHK, ABC |
| Official website | asahi.com |
The National High School Baseball Championship (全国高等学校野球選手権大会 zenkoku kōtō gakkō yakyū senshuken taikai) of Japan, commonly known as "Summer Kōshien" (夏の甲子園 natsu no kōshien), is an annual nationwide high school baseball tournament. It is the largest scale amateur sport event in Japan, even as soccer continues to gain more attention.
The tournament, organized by the Japan High School Baseball Federation and Asahi Shimbun, takes place during the summer school vacation period, culminating in a two-week final tournament stage with 49 teams in August at Hanshin Koshien Stadium (阪神甲子園球場 hanshin kōshien kyūjō) in the Koshien district of Nishinomiya City, Hyōgo, Japan.
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The 49 schools taking part in the final tourney represent regional champions of each of the prefectures of Japan (with two from Hokkaidō and Tokyo). From mid-June to August, regional tournaments are held to decide who is sent to Koshien.[1]
The rules are the same as in the National High School Baseball Invitational Tournament. It is a single elimination tournament with nine inning games. Games are declared official after seven complete innings in the case of suspension (due to weather, et cetera), except for the championship game which must be played to completion. For the regional tournaments, games are ended if one team leads by at least ten runs after five innings or seven runs after seven innings, except in the championship games. Designated hitters are not used. Four umpires are used, except for night games in which two outfield line umpires are added.
The first round pairings and byes are decided by lottery. 34 teams meet in the first round, and 15 teams with byes join at the second round (32 teams play in the second round). Therefore it takes either five or six wins for a team to win the championship. Until 2002, the four quarter finals were played in one day, but this was changed to two a day over two days to give the players time off. If rainouts continue for more than three days, four games are played in one day. This occurred in 2003, so the first time the quarter finals were played over two days was actually 2004. To accommodate the extra day, the long tradition of starting the tournament on August 8th was changed to start a day or two early.
Up to four games are played each day until the quarter finals. The starting times of each day's games is shown below. Following games are begun about 30 minutes after the previous game ends. Due to the fast pace of the pitching, four games in one day are usually completed before sunset.
| Day of the tournament | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| Round | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st/2nd | 2nd | 2nd | 2nd | 2nd | 3rd | 3rd | Quarter | Quarter | Semi | Final |
| Games Start time |
3 10:20 |
4 8:30 |
4 8:30 |
4 8:30 |
3 9:30 |
4 8:30 |
4 8:30 |
4 8:30 |
3 9:30 |
4 8:30 |
4 8:30 |
2 11:00 |
2 11:00 |
2 11:00 |
1 13:00 |
For tournaments previous to 1958 there were no extra inning limits for a game tied after nine innings of play. In 1933, Masao Yoshida had pitched a complete game during a 25 inning shutout in the semifinal, an all-time record. Yoshida had thrown 336 pitches during that game. After 1958, a rematch must be called after 18 innings. The first pitcher to pitch a complete game 18 innings was Eiji Bando in a 1958 quarterfinal game. Daisuke Matsuzaka became the last pitcher to pitch a complete game over 15 innings (17 innings in 250 pitches, 1998).
After 2000, all games that are tied after 15 innings are rescheduled for the following day. This first happened in the finals in 2006.
| (R) | Replay |
| * | Match went to Extra innings |
| Number | Year | Champion | Runner-up | Final Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 60 | 1978 | PL Gakuen | Kochi | 3-2 |
| 61 | 1979 | Minoshima | Ikeda | 4-3 |
| 62 | 1980 | Yokohama | Waseda Jitsugyo | 6-4 |
| 63 | 1981 | Hotoku Gakuen | Kyoto | 2-0 |
| 64 | 1982 | Ikeda | Hiroshima | 12-2 |
| 65 | 1983 | PL Gakuen | Yokohama | 3-0 |
| 66 | 1984 | Toride Dai-ni | PL Gakuen | 8-4 |
| 67 | 1985 | PL Gakuen | Ube | 4-3 |
| 68 | 1986 | Tenri | Matsuyama | 3-2 |
| 69 | 1987 | PL Gakuen | Joso Gakuin | 5-2 |
| 70 | 1988 | Hiroshima | Fukuoka Dai-ichi | 1-0 |
| 71 | 1989 | Teikyo | Sendai Ikuei | 2-0 |
| 72 | 1990 | Tenri | Okinawa Suisan | 8-4 |
| 73 | 1991 | Osaka Toin | Okinawa Suisan | 13-8 |
| 74 | 1992 | Nishi Nihon Tandai Fuzoku | Takudai Koryo | 1-0 |
| 75 | 1993 | Ikuei | Kasukabe Kyoei | 3-2 |
| 76 | 1994 | Saga | Shonan | 8-4 |
| 77 | 1995 | Teikyo | Seiryo | 3-1 |
| 78 | 1996 | Matsuyama | Kumamoto Kogyo | 6-3 |
| 79 | 1997 | Chiben Wakayama | Heian | 6-3 |
| 80 | 1998 | Yokohama | Kyoto Seisho | 3-0 |
| 81 | 1999 | Kiryu Dai-ichi | Okayama Ridai | 14-4 |
| 82 | 2000 | Chiben Wakayama | Tokai Urayasu | 11-6 |
| 83 | 2001 | Nichidai-san | Ohmi | 5-2 |
| 84 | 2002 | Meitoku Gijuku | Chiben Wakayama | 7-2 |
| 85 | 2003 | Joso Gakuin | Tohoku | 4-2 |
| 86 | 2004 | Komadai Tomakomai | Saibi | 13-10 |
| 87 | 2005 | Komadai Tomakomai | Kyoto Gaidai Nishi | 5-3 |
| 88 | 2006 * | Waseda Jitsugyo | Komadai Tomakomai | 1-1 |
| (R) | Waseda Jitsugyo | Komadai Tomakomai | 4-3 | |
| 89 | 2007 | Saga Kita | Koryo | 5-4 |
| 90 | 2008 | Osaka Toin | Tokoha Kikukawa | 17-0 |
| 91 | 2009 | Chukyodai Chukyo | Nihon Bunri | 10-9 |
| 92 | 2010 | Kōnan | Tokaidai Sagami | 13-1 |
| 93 | 2011 | Nichi dai san kō | Aomori Kosei | 11-0 |