The Jadgal (Arabic: الزدجالي, جدجال) is an Arab tribe origin, who are settled throughout the Sindh, Balochistan region of Pakistan, and Iran in the Sistan and Baluchistan region. They are also found in Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, and Iraq. They have been referred to as al Zadjali since the time of the Islamic Empire.
The name "Jadgal" applies specifically to groups that still speak the Jadgali language, in the Makran region of Iran and Pakistan. The Jadgali language is related to Indo-Aryan, Sindhi, Baloch and Persian. Their most commonly spoken languages are Balochi, Persian and Saraiki.
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The terms "Jadgal" and "al Zadjali" were used interchangeably by early Arab historians of Makran. Their settlement in the Makran region is referred to in Arab histories to the first centuries of the Muslim era (circa 7th century). They are described as sons of kings who were holding the country between Kirman and Mansura in Sindh, but whether they originated from the west or the east is not stated. They all came along with other tribes like the Abro.
But though the name "Jadgal" is now confined to the small group in Kulanch, a large portion of the Baloch of Makran are certainly connected with them. Among these may be mentioned the influential Raisi group which claims connection with the Jamot tribe. It is believed they emigrated from Arabia into Sindh as sons of Noah, the prophet, Las Bela and acknowledged that they have been living in the country since the remotest past, both inland and along the coast. Another section of the Jadgals are the Kenagzai living at Isai in Panjgur District, and the great Sangur tribe is also thought to be of Jadgali origin.
The Muhammad Zai clan are again an offshoot of the Sangur but now independent of the parent stock and living around Gwadar. Other groups connected with the Jadgals are the Band of Nalent in Kulanch, the Korak of Kolwa and the Chilmar Zai Meds of the coast.
According to some traditions, the Jadgal had a territory in the present area of Jhalawan in central Balochistan and the cause of their migration from there was the war between them and the Brahuis the indos. They are said to have had influence in that region, before the Brahuis gained the upper hand. In Sindh, the Zadjalos or the Jadgal known as Sammat, son of Noah the prophet, and sons of Jamshed the legendary and the first king of Persia who could see in his magic cup. According to others, in Iran Shi'a, some believe they were descendants of Sam, the son of Umar, son of Abu lahab ابي لهب, an uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, or they came from Abu Jahal عمر بن هاشم المغيرة, in Iran and other country (Kharasan) and Balochistan, they are known as Sayyed or Bano Sayyed, the title is given to those who are of Quraish origins. The fact is, they are Bulfat tribe origins, known by the name Numeri tribe (Arabic: النمري ). After the war with the Brahu tribes, they moved from Lasbella to Iran who gave them the name "Jadgal".
Numerous tribal descendants from Thaheem Tamim origin, the Quraish brother, both of them are sons of Adnan son of Ismael son of Ibrahim the prophet.
Another theory makes them to be sons of Sames of Sophene, the founder of the Kingdom of Sophene and the city of Samosata, first mentioned by Eratosthenes in 245 BC. The Jadgal have titles such as "Sardar", "Nawab" or "King". They use high titles like "Jam", "Sayyed", "Mir" or "Shah" as for nobility and honor.
They are found in Bahu, Dashtiari, Kunark, Sarbaaz in the Sistan and Baluchestan Province of Iran. In Pakistan, they are found in Kalarshakh, Gwadar, Nalent, Belar, Kocha, Pasni, Jewani, Turbat, Kulanch, and Lasbela districts of the Balochistan province of Pakistan. There are also a few communities in the city of Karachi.
The Jadgal, or Zadjali as they are referred to, are found in the Sultanate of Oman, and the island of Zanzibar, in Tanzania as war soldiers of the sultanate of the Oman empire. The Jadgal or Zadjali are originally from Saudia and the tribe of Quresh who fled from Saudi presently now to Iraq. They fled with Mohd Ibn Qassim to Sindh when Hindu Raja Dahir was killing Muslims. Zadjali are originally from the tribe of Quresh (Ali Zadjali from Oman).