Maria Madre Island |
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| Geography | |
|---|---|
| Location | Pacific Ocean |
| Archipelago | Islas Marías |
| Total islands | 9 |
| Major islands | María Madre, María Magdalena, María Cleofas & San Juanito |
| Area | 244.970 km2 (94.5834 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 616 m (2,021 ft) |
| Highest point | Punta Rocallosa |
| Country | |
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Mexico
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| State | Nayarit |
| Municipality | San Blas, Nayarit |
| Largest city | Puerto Balleto (pop. 602) |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 1116 |
| Density | 7.68 /km2 (19.89 /sq mi) |
The Islas Marías ("Mary Islands") are an archipelago of four islands that belong to Mexico. They are located in the Pacific Ocean, some 100 km (62 mi) off the coast of the state of Nayarit. They are part of the municipality (municipio) of San Blas, Nayarit. As of 2011, the islands are still being used as a penal colony, containing the Islas Marias Federal Prison.
In 2010 the archipelago was designated Biosphere reserve by the UNESCO[1]
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The islands have an aggregate area of 244.970 km². 1116 people lived on Isla María Madre as of the census of 2005. The other islands are uninhabited. The main settlement is Puerto Balleto, with a population of 602.
Isla María Madre, is the largest of the islands, with a surface area of 145.282 km². It houses the Islas Marías Federal Prison which was established there in 1905. The other two islands are Isla María Magdalena (70.440 km²) and, further south, Isla María Cleofas (19.818 km²). They were named after three women called Mary in the Biblical New Testament: respectively, Mary, the mother of Jesus, Mary Magdalene, and Mary, the wife of Cleopas. The smaller island, Isla San Juanito, with an area of 9.105 km² lies off the north coast of Isla María Madre.
The islands are listed from north to south in the following table:
| Island or Rock | Area km² |
Height m |
Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| San Juanito | 9.105 | . | |
| Piedra El Morro | 0.060 | . | |
| María Madre | 145.282 | 616 | |
| Isla Don Boni | 0.025 | . | |
| María Magdalena | 70.440 | 457 | |
| María Cleofas | 19.818 | 402 | |
| Piedra Blanca | 0.172 | . | |
| Roca Blanca | 0.034 | . | |
| Unnamed Rock | 0.034 | . | |
| Islas Marías | 244.970 | 616 |
The first European to discover the islands was Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, a cousin of Hernan Cortez in 1532, who gave them the name Islas Magdalenas. He found no evidence of prior habitation by the native americans.
In addition to prisoners, on Maria Madre island there are employees of diverse institutions of the federal government, such as the Secretariat of Public Education, the Secretariat of the Environment, the Secretariat of Communications and Transport, post office, and the Secretariat of the Navy. Another group of settlers is made up of religious ministers and acolytes of the Catholic Church, nuns of the Order of Social Service, and invited teachers, technicians and their relatives.
The colony is governed by a state official who is both the governor of the islands and chief judge. The military command is independent and is exercised by an officer of the Mexican Navy.
All populated places of the Islas Marías are on Isla María Madre. They are listed from north to south in the following table:
| Populated Place | Population (Census 2005) | Location | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Punta el Morro | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Venustiano Carranza (Serradero, Aserradero) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Campamento Cica (Bugambilias) | 190 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Campamento Nayarit | 51 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Campamento Rehilete | 71 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Puerto Balleto (Isla María Madre) | 602 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zacatal | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Camarón | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Campamento Hospital (Veinte de Noviembre) | 53 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Las Antenas | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Campamento Morelos (José María Morelos) | 98 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Campamento San Juan Papelillo | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Borbollón (Borbollones) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Campamento Laguna del Toro | 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Punta Halcones | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Isla María Madre | 1116 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Each populated center features a different economic activity. The primary population center is Puerto Balleto, the location of the administrative offices and the primary centers of commerce and recreation. It is subdivided into four jefaturas[2]:
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