International recognition of Israel

The recognition of Israel in the international community remains an outstanding issue of the Arab–Israeli conflict. Pursuant to the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, which provided for the establishment of a Jewish state, Israel declared its independence at midnight on 14 May 1948. An application for admission to the United Nations was submitted the following day, but was ignored by the Security Council. Reactions to the declaration were mixed, as the armed conflict with the Arab populace continued. The United States recognised the provisional Jewish government as de facto authority of the new Jewish state.[1] The Soviet Union became the first to extend de jure recognition on 17 May.[2]

Israel's second application to the UN was denied by Security Council vote on 17 December 1948. The application was renewed in 1949, and in May, the General Assembly admitted Israel to the UN through Resolution 273.[3][4]

From 1948 to the late 1960s, Israel managed to establish diplomatic relations with almost all nations of Western Europe, North and South America, as well as much of Africa. However, the Six-Day War and the Arab-Israeli War of 1973 led many African and Asian nations to break ties with Israel owing in part to considerable pressure and the threat of an oil embargo being placed by oil-rich Arab countries. Israel's recognition of and entering negotiations with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) led to many African, Asian and even Arab nations restoring diplomatic relations. However, hostile reactions to the 2006 Israeli-Lebanese War and the blockade of the Gaza Strip led to another incidence of multiple states breaking relations with Israel. At present, a total of 32 United Nations member states do not recognise the State of Israel.[5]

Contents

List by country

= States that do not formally recognise Israel.
= States that have severed or suspended relations.

UN member states

State Date of de facto recognition Date of de jure recognition Notes
—  Afghanistan[6] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[7]
&100000000000000010000001  Albania — 01949-04-16 16 April 1949[8] Established diplomatic relations on 20 August 1991.[9]
—  Algeria[10][11] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[7][12]
&100000000000000020000002  Andorra 01994-04-13 13 April 1994 01994-04-13 13 April 1994[13]
&100000000000000030000003  Angola — 01992-04-16 16 April 1992[14] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
&100000000000000040000004  Antigua and Barbuda — 01983-06-22 22 June 1983[15] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
&100000000000000050000005  Argentina — 01949-02-14 14 February 1949[16]
&100000000000000060000006  Armenia — 01992-04-04 4 April 1992[17] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
&100000000000000070000007  Australia 01949-01-29 29 January 1949 01949-01-29 29 January 1949[18]
&100000000000000080000008  Austria 01949-03-15 15 March 1949[19] 01956-05-08 8 May 1956 Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. Prior to that, the two countries had maintained consular relations since 1950. Delegations were upgraded to embassy status in 1959.[20]
&100000000000000090000009  Azerbaijan — 01992-04-07 7 April 1992[21] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
&1000000000000001000000010  Bahamas — 01974-09-24 24 September 1974[22] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
—  Bahrain[23] — — Israel maintained a representative mission in Manama from 1996 until it was closed in 2000.[24] In October 2009, parliament ruled that any form of relations with Israel or its people (government, business or private) was illegal, and banned the government from establishing diplomatic relations.[25]
—  Bangladesh[26][27] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[7]
&1000000000000001100000011  Barbados — 01967-08-29 29 August 1967[28] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
&1000000000000001200000012  Belarus 01949-05-11 11 May 1949[29] 01992-05-26 26 May 1992[30] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
&1000000000000001300000013  Belgium — 01950-01-15 15 January 1950[31]
&1000000000000001400000014  Belize — 01984-09-06 6 September 1984[32] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
&1000000000000001500000015  Benin — 01961-12-05 5 December 1961[33] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. Relations were severed in October 1973, and resumed in July 1992.[34][35]
—  Bhutan[5] — — Has diplomatic relations with only 25 countries, and has not established formal diplomatic relations with Israel.[36]
&1000000000000001600000016  Bolivia 01949-02-22 22 February 1949[37] 01949-02-24 24 February 1949[38] Bolivia cut ties with Israel in January 2009.[39]
&1000000000000001700000017  Bosnia and Herzegovina — 01997-09-26 26 September 1997[40] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
&1000000000000001800000018  Botswana Broke off relations on November 1973, restored in December 1993.
&1000000000000001900000019  Brazil — 01949-02-07 7 February 1949[41]
—  Brunei[5] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[42]
&1000000000000002000000020  Bulgaria 01948-12-04 4 December 1948 01948-12-04 4 December 1948 Severed relations with Israel on 10 June 1967, restored them on 3 May 1990.[43]
&1000000000000002100000021  Burkina Faso — 01961-07-05 5 July 1961[33] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. Relations were severed in October 1973, and re-established in October 1993.[34][35][44]
&1000000000000002200000022  Burundi Relations were severed in May 1973,[35] and were restored in March 1995.
&1000000000000002300000023  Cambodia — 01960-08-30 30 August 1960 Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. Cambodia broke off relations in 1975; they were restored on 5 October 1993.[45][46]
&1000000000000002400000024  Cameroon — 01960-09-15 15 September 1960[47] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. Relations were severed in October 1973 and were later restored in August 1986.[35][48]
&1000000000000002500000025  Canada 01949-05-11 11 May 1949[29] 01949-05-11 11 May 1949[49]
&1000000000000002600000026  Cape Verde — 01994-07-17 17 July 1994[50] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
&1000000000000002700000027  Central African Republic Relations were broken in October 1973,[35] were resumed in January 1991.
—  Chad 01961-01-10 10 January 1961 — Relations were established in 1961, but were severed on 28 November 1972.[35][51] Chad currently does not recognise Israel.[52] In 2005, reports emerged of a mutual intention to renew diplomatic relations.[53]
&1000000000000002800000028  Chile — 01949-02-05 5 February 1949[37]
&1000000000000002900000029  People's Republic of China — 01992-01-24 24 January 1992 The Republic of China granted de jure recognition to Israel on 1 March 1949.[37] The two states maintained full diplomatic relations until Israel's recognition of the People's Republic of China on 8 January 1950. The PRC, however, did not formally reciprocate until the eventual establishment of diplomatic relations in 1992.[54]
&1000000000000003000000030  Colombia — 01949-02-01 1 February 1949[37]
—  Comoros[5] —
&1000000000000003100000031  Republic of the Congo — 01960-11-09 9 November 1960 Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. Broke relations with Israel on 31 December 1972, resumed in August 1991.
&1000000000000003200000032  Democratic Republic of the Congo — 01960-06-26 26 June 1960 Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. Ties were severed on 4 October 1973, and restored on 13 May 1982.[35][55]
&1000000000000003300000033  Costa Rica — 01948-06-19 19 June 1948[56]
&1000000000000003400000034  Côte d'Ivoire 01961-02-15 15 February 1961 01961-05-24 24 May 1961[33] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. Prior to this date, it had maintained trade relations since 15 February 1961. Relations were severed in November 1973, and did not resume until February 1986.[34][35]
&1000000000000003500000035  Croatia — 01997-09-04 4 September 1997[57] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
—  Cuba 01949-01-14 14 January 1949 01949-04-18 18 April 1949[58] Cuba broke relations with Israel in September 1973, and the current government does not recognise it.[5]
&1000000000000003600000036  Cyprus — 01961-01-21 21 January 1961 Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. They had been agreed to on 17 August 1960, but final establishment was postponed due to pressure from Arab nations.[59]
&1000000000000003700000037  Czech Republic — 01948-05-18 18 May 1948[60] Recognition extended under Czechoslovakia. Relations under Czechoslovakia were severed between June 1967 and February 1990. Diplomatic relations with the Czech Republic were established 1 January 1993.[61]
&1000000000000003800000038  Denmark 01949-02-02 2 February 1949[37] 01950-07-12 12 July 1950[62]
—  Djibouti[5] — —
&1000000000000003900000039  Dominica — 01978-01 January 1978[61] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
&1000000000000004000000040  Dominican Republic — 01948-12-29 29 December 1948[63]
&1000000000000004100000041  Ecuador — 01949-02-02 2 February 1949[37]
&1000000000000004200000042  Egypt — 01979-03-26 26 March 1979[64] Signatory to the Khartoum Declaration.[11] Later became the first Arab state to recognise Israel, with the Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty.
&1000000000000004300000043 El Salvador — 01948-09-11 11 September 1948[65]
&1000000000000004400000044  Equatorial Guinea Relations were broken in October 1973,[35] were resumed in January 1994.[66]
&1000000000000004500000045  Eritrea — 01993-05-06 6 May 1993[46][67] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
&1000000000000004600000046  Estonia — 01992-01-09 9 January 1992[68] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
&1000000000000004700000047  Ethiopia — 01961-10-24 24 October 1961[69] Prior to granting de jure recognition, Ethiopia had maintained consular relations with Israel since 1956. Relations were broken in October 1973,[35] were resumed in November 1989.
&1000000000000004800000048  Fiji[61] 01970-08 August 1970
&1000000000000004900000049  Finland[70] 01948-06-11 11 June 1948[71] 01949-03-18 18 March 1949
&1000000000000005000000050  France 01949-01-24 24 January 1949 01949-01-24 24 January 1949[72]
&1000000000000005100000051  Gabon[45] 01993-09-29 29 September 1993 Relations were severed in October 1973,[35] were resumed in September 1993.
&1000000000000005200000052  Gambia Relations were broken in October 1973,[35] were resumed in September 1992.
&1000000000000005300000053  Georgia — 01992-06-01 1 June 1992[73] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
&1000000000000005400000054  Germany 01952-09-10 10 September 1952[74] 01965-05-12 12 May 1965[75] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. Prior to this, Germany has signed the Reparations agreement with Israel.
&1000000000000005500000055  Ghana Relations were broken in October 1973,[35] were resumed in August 1994.
&1000000000000005600000056  Greece[69] 01949-03-15 15 March 1949 01990-05-21 21 May 1990[76] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
&1000000000000005700000057  Grenada 01975-01 January 1975[61] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
&1000000000000005800000058  Guatemala 01948-05-19 19 May 1948 01948-05-19 19 May 1948[60]
—  Guinea[5] — Broke relations with Israel on 12 June 1967.[35]
&1000000000000005900000059  Guinea-Bissau — 01994-03 March 1994[61] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
&1000000000000006000000060  Guyana Broke off relations in March 1974, restored in March 1992.
&1000000000000006100000061  Haiti 01949-02-26 26 February 1949[37]
&1000000000000006200000062  Honduras[63][77] 01948-09-11 11 September 1948 01948-11-08 8 November 1948
&1000000000000006300000063  Hungary[78] 01948-05-24 24 May 1948 01948-06-01 1 June 1948[71]
&1000000000000006400000064  Iceland 01949-02-11 11 February 1949[37]
&1000000000000006500000065  India — 01950-09-17 17 September 1950[79]
—  Indonesia[27] — — Israeli passports accepted with some restrictions[80]
—  Iran[81] 01950-03-14 14 March 1950[82] — Does not accept Israeli passports.[7]
—  Iraq[83] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[7]
&1000000000000006600000066  Ireland[84] 01949-02-12 12 February 1949 01963-05 May 1963[84]
&1000000000000006700000067  Italy[37] 01949-02-08 8 February 1949
&1000000000000006800000068  Jamaica[61] 01962-01 January 1962
&1000000000000006900000069  Japan 01952-05-15 15 May 1952[85]
&1000000000000007000000070  Jordan 01994-10-26 26 October 1994[86] Signatory to the Khartoum Declaration.[11] Later became the second Arab state to recognise Israel in the Israel–Jordan peace treaty.
&1000000000000007100000071  Kazakhstan 01992-04-10 10 April 1992[87] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
&1000000000000007200000072  Kenya 01963-12 December 1963[88] Severed relation in November 1973,[35] were resumed in December 1988.
&1000000000000007300000073  Kiribati 01984-05-21 21 May 1984[89] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
—  North Korea[90] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[7]
&1000000000000007400000074  Republic of Korea 01962-04-10 10 April 1962[91] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
—  Kuwait[11] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[7]
&1000000000000007500000075  Kyrgyzstan 01992-03 March 1992[61]
&1000000000000007600000076  Laos — 01957-02 February 1957 Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. Laos broke off relations in 1973; they were restored on 6 December 1993.[92]
&1000000000000007700000077  Latvia 01992-01-06 6 January 1992[93] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
—  Lebanon[11] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[7]
&1000000000000007800000078  Lesotho
&1000000000000007900000079  Liberia 01949-02-11 11 February 1949[78] Relations were severed in November 1973, and resumed in August 1983.[34][35]
—  Libya[11] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[7]
&1000000000000008000000080  Liechtenstein 01992-01 January 1992[61]
&1000000000000008100000081  Lithuania 01992-01-08 8 January 1992[94] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
&1000000000000008200000082  Luxembourg 01949-05-11 11 May 1949[29] 01950-01-16 16 January 1950[95]
&1000000000000008300000083  Macedonia 01995-12-07 7 December 1995[61] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
&1000000000000008400000084  Madagascar Relations were broken in October 1973,[35] were resumed in January 1994.
&1000000000000008500000085  Malawi 01964-07 July 1964[61] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
—  Malaysia[27] — — Does not admit Israeli passport holders without written permission from the government.[7]
&1000000000000008600000086  Maldives — 02009-09-25 25 September 2009[96] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
—  Mali[5] — Relations were severed on 5 January 1973.[35]
&1000000000000008600000086  Malta 01965-01 January 1965[61]
&1000000000000008800000088  Marshall Islands 01987-09-16 16 September 1987[97]
&1000000000000008900000089  Mauritania 01999-10-28 28 October 1999[98] Relations were suspended on 6 March 2009,[99] severed on 21 March 2010[100]
&1000000000000009000000090  Mauritius[45] Severed relation in July 1976, restored in September 1993.
&1000000000000009100000091  Mexico 01949-05-11 11 May 1949[29] 01952-04-04 4 April 1952[101]
&1000000000000009200000092  Federated States of Micronesia[102] 01988-11-23 23 November 1988
&1000000000000009300000093  Moldova[103] 01992-06-22 22 June 1992
&1000000000000009400000094  Monaco 01964-01 January 1964[61]
&1000000000000009500000095  Mongolia[104] 01991-10-02 2 October 1991
&1000000000000009600000096  Montenegro[105] 02006-07-12 12 July 2006
—  Morocco[5][11] 01994-09-01 1 September 1994[106] —
&1000000000000009700000097  Mozambique[45][46] 01993-07-23 23 July 1993
&1000000000000009800000098  Myanmar[107] 01953-07-13 13 July 1953
&1000000000000009900000099  Namibia[46][108] 01994-02-11 11 February 1994
&10000000000000100000000100  Nauru[61] 01994-12 December 1994
&10000000000000101000000101  Nepal[109] 01960-06-01 1 June 1960
&10000000000000102000000102  Netherlands 01949-05-11 11 May 1949[29] 01950-01-16 16 January 1950[95]
&10000000000000103000000103  New Zealand 01949-01-29 29 January 1949[37]
&10000000000000104000000104  Nicaragua 01948-05-18 18 May 1948 01948-05-18 18 May 1948[63] In June 2010, Nicaragua suspended diplomatic ties with Israel.[110]
—  Niger[5] — — Relations were severed on 4 January 1973.[33][35]
&10000000000000105000000105  Nigeria[111] 01960 1960 Relations were broken in October 1973,[35] were resumed in May 1992.
&10000000000000106000000106  Norway 01949-02-04 4 February 1949 01949-02-04 4 February 1949[112]
—  Oman[5] 01996-01-28 28 January 1996[113] — Does not accept Israeli passports.[7]
—  Pakistan[114] — — Does not accept Israeli passports and Pakistani passports are "valid for all countries of the World except Israel".[7][115]
&10000000000000107000000107  Palau[45][46] 01994-10-02 2 October 1994
&10000000000000108000000108  Panama 01948-06-19 19 June 1948 01948-06-19 19 June 1948[56]
&10000000000000109000000109  Papua New Guinea
&10000000000000110000000110  Paraguay 01948-09-06 6 September 1948[63] 01948-09-07 7 September 1948[116]
&10000000000000111000000111  Peru 01949-02-09 9 February 1949 01949-02-09 9 February 1949[37]
&10000000000000112000000112  Philippines 01949-05-11 11 May 1949[29] 01957-05-13 13 May 1957[117]
&10000000000000113000000113  Poland 01948-05-18 18 May 1948 01948-05-18 18 May 1948[60]
&10000000000000114000000114  Portugal[118] 01977-05-12 12 May 1977
—  Qatar[5] 01996-04 April 1996[61] — In April 1996, Qatar and Israel agreed to exchange trade representation offices.[119] Trade offices were closed in February 2009.[61]
&10000000000000115000000115  Romania[120] 01948-06-11 11 June 1948 01948-06-12 12 June 1948[71]
&10000000000000116000000116  Russia 01948-05-17 17 May 1948[60][121] 01948-05-17 17 May 1948[122] Recognition extended as the Soviet Union. Relations established in January 1991.[61]
&10000000000000117000000117  Rwanda Relations were severed in October 1973,[35] and were restored in October 1994.
&10000000000000118000000118  Saint Kitts and Nevis[61] 01984-01 January 1984
&10000000000000119000000119  Saint Lucia[61] 01979-01 January 1979
&10000000000000120000000120  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[61] 01981-01 January 1981
&10000000000000121000000121  Samoa[61] 01977-06 June 1977
&10000000000000122000000122  San Marino[123] 01995-03-01 1 March 1995
&10000000000000123000000123  São Tomé and Príncipe[61] 01993-11 November 1993
—  Saudi Arabia[11] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[7]
&10000000000000124000000124  Senegal[124] 01960 1960 Relations were broken in October 1973,[35] were resumed in August 1994.
&10000000000000125000000125  Serbia 01948-05-18 18 May 1948 01948-05-19 19 May 1948[125] Recognition extended as Yugoslavia. Diplomatic relations were established 9 October 1991.[61][126]
&10000000000000126000000126  Seychelles[61] 01992-09 September 1992
&10000000000000127000000127  Sierra Leone Relations were broken in October 1973,[35] were resumed in May 1992.
&10000000000000128000000128  Singapore[127] 01969-05-11 11 May 1969
&10000000000000129000000129  Slovakia 01948-05-18 18 May 1948[60] Recognition extended under Czechoslovakia. Diplomatic relations with Slovakia were established 1 January 1993.[128]
&10000000000000130000000130  Slovenia[129] 01992-04-28 28 April 1992
&10000000000000131000000131  Solomon Islands[61] 01989-01 January 1989
—  Somalia[130] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[7]
&10000000000000132000000132  South Africa 01948-05-24 24 May 1948[60] 01949-05-14 14 May 1949[131][132]
&10000000000000133000000133  South Sudan[133] 02011-07-28 28 July 2011 02011-07-28 28 July 2011 Full diplomatic relations announced; Israel had recognised South Sudan on 10 July 2011.[134]
&10000000000000134000000134  Spain[135] 01986-01-17 17 January 1986
&10000000000000135000000135  Sri Lanka[136] 01950-09-16 16 September 1950
—  Sudan[11] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[7]
&10000000000000136000000136  Suriname[61] 01976-02 February 1976
&10000000000000137000000137  Swaziland[61] 01968-09 September 1968
&10000000000000138000000138  Sweden[37] 01949-02-15 15 February 1949 01950-06-13 13 June 1950[62]
&10000000000000139000000139  Switzerland[137] 01949-01-25 25 January 1949
—  Syria[11] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[7]
&10000000000000140000000140  Tajikistan[61] 01992-04 April 1992
&10000000000000141000000141  Tanzania Relations were broken in October 1973,[35] were resumed in February 1995.
&10000000000000142000000142  Thailand 01950-09-26 26 September 1950[138]
&10000000000000143000000143  East Timor[139] 02002-08-29 29 August 2002
&10000000000000144000000144  Togo Relations were severed in September 1973,[35] and were restored in June 1987.[34]
&10000000000000145000000145  Tonga[61] 01977-06 June 1977
&10000000000000146000000146  Trinidad and Tobago[61] 01962-01 January 1962
—  Tunisia[11] 01994-10-03 3 October 1994[46][140] —[141]
&10000000000000147000000147  Turkey 01949-03-28 28 March 1949[142] 01950-03-12 12 March 1950[143] In September 2011, Turkey downgraded ties with Israel to second secretary level.[144]
&10000000000000148000000148  Turkmenistan[145] 01993-10-06 6 October 1993
&10000000000000149000000149  Tuvalu[61] 01984-07 July 1984
&10000000000000150000000150  Uganda Broke relations with Israel on 30 March 1972,[35] were restored in July 1994.
&10000000000000151000000151  Ukraine 01949-05-11 11 May 1949[29] 01991-12-26 26 December 1991[146]
—  United Arab Emirates[147] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[7]
&10000000000000152000000152  United Kingdom 01949-05-13 13 May 1949[148] 01950-04-28 28 April 1950[95]
&10000000000000153000000153  United States[149] 01948-05-14 14 May 1948 01949-01-31 31 January 1949[150]
&10000000000000154000000154  Uruguay 01949-05-11 11 May 1949[29] 01948-05-19 19 May 1948[60]
&10000000000000155000000155  Uzbekistan[151] 01992-02-21 21 February 1992
&10000000000000156000000156  Vanuatu[45][46] 01993-12-16 16 December 1993
&10000000000000157000000157  Venezuela 01948-06-27 27 June 1948 01948-06-27 27 June 1948[63]
&10000000000000158000000158  Vietnam[152] 01993-07-12 12 July 1993
—  Yemen[11] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[7]
&10000000000000159000000159  Zambia Relations were broken in October 1973,[35] were resumed in December 1991.
&10000000000000160000000160  Zimbabwe[45][46] 01993-11-26 26 November 1993

Non-UN member states

State Date of recognition Notes
 Cook Islands[153] 02008 2008
 Republic of China[154] 01949-03-01 1 March 1949
 Vatican City[155] 01994-06-15 15 June 1994

See also

References

  1. ^ Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. "The Recognition of the State of Israel". http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/israel/large/index.php. Retrieved 25 November 2011. 
  2. ^ Hashim S. H. Behbehani‏ (1986). The Soviet Union and Arab nationalism, 1917-1966. Routledge. p. 69. ISBN 9780710302137. 
  3. ^ Israeli War of Independence
  4. ^ Neff, Donald. "Third Time's a Charm: Israel Admitted as U.N. Member in 1949". Washington Report on Middle East Affairs (American Educational Trust) (July 2011): 24. http://www.wrmea.com/component/content/article/370-2011-july/10548-third-times-a-charm-israel-admitted-as-un-member-in-1949.html. Retrieved 2011-11-25. 
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l United States Congress (5 June 2008). "H. RES. 1249". http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-110hres1249ih/pdf/BILLS-110hres1249ih.pdf.  Since the publication of this document, Maldives has granted recognition.
  6. ^ Staff writers (9 January 2006). "Kabul will forge Israel ties if Palestinians form State: Karzai". Pak Tribune (Pakistan News Service). http://www.paktribune.com/news/index.shtml?130728. Retrieved 2011-08-05. 
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r L.K. Singh (2008). Foreign Exchange Management And Air Ticketing. Gyan Publishing House. p. 254. 
  8. ^ Govrin, Yosef (2005). "Annals of Israeli-Albanian Contacts on Establishing Diplomatic". Jewish Political Studies Review 17 (3-4). http://www.jcpa.org/israel-europe/ier-guvrin-f05.htm. Retrieved 24 September 2011. 
  9. ^ "Albania and Israel in Accord To Establish Diplomatic Ties". The New York Times. 20 August 1991. http://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/20/world/albania-and-israel-in-accord-to-establish-diplomatic-ties.html. Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  10. ^ Lederer, Edith M. (14 December 2007). "Israel signs condolence book to Algeria bombing victims despite no diplomatic relations". The Associated Press.  "Ambassador Dan Gillerman told ... 'Algeria does not recognize Israel and has not even made any steps towards normalizing its relations with Israel'."
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Khartoum Declaration (1 September 1967), League of Arab States.
  12. ^ "Visa information: Algeria". Timatic Web. Air Transport Association. http://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?SpecData=1&VISA=&page=visa&NA=IL&DE=DZ&PASSTYPES=PASS&user=DL&subuser=DELTAB2C. Retrieved 2011-09-25. 
  13. ^ Government of Andorra. "Asia". http://www.exteriors.ad/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=395%3Aasia&catid=38&Itemid=56&lang=ca. Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  14. ^ Zionist Organization of America; Jewish Agency for Israel (1993). Israel yearbook and almanac. 47. IBRT Translation/Documentation Ltd. http://books.google.dk/books?id=w6ttAAAAMAAJ&q=&dq=&hl=da&ei=FRc7TqzuEcXAtAbt0akR&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA. 
  15. ^ Permanent Representative of Antigua and Barbuda to the United Nations. "Chronology of Antigua and Barbuda's bilateral relations". http://www.un.int/antigua/bilachro.htm. Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
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