The International Institute for Peace says that it was founded in Vienna in 1956 and re-organised in 1989.[1] According to Dr Julian Lewis, a campaigner against the peace movement, it was "set up by the Kremlin after the WPC [World Peace Council] was thrown out of Austria for subversion."[2] According to another source it was set up on the initiative of the WPC,[3] and according to J.G.Barlow of the Heritage Foundation, the WPC operated under cover of the IIP after the WPC was expelled from Vienna.[4] Its one-time vice-president, Gehrhard Kade, was active in the WPC.[2] It is said to have received $260,000 from Soviet sources.[5]