Interleukin 15 receptor, alpha subunit
Interleukin 15 receptor, alpha subunit is a subunit of the interleukin 15 receptor which is encoded by the gene[1] IL15RA in humans.
The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine receptor that specifically binds IL15 with high affinity.[2] The receptors of IL15 and IL2 share two subunits, the IL2R beta and IL2R gamma chains. This forms the basis of many overlapping biological activities of IL15 and IL2. The IL2 receptor requires an additional IL2-specific alpha subunit for high affinity IL2 binding. This protein is structurally related to IL2R alpha, but is capable of binding IL-15 with high affinity independent of other subunits, which suggests the distinct roles between IL-15 and IL-2. This receptor is reported to enhance cell proliferation and expression of apoptosis inhibitor BCL2L1/BCL2-XL and BCL2. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been reported. The full length sequences of only two variants encoding distinct isoforms are available.[1]
Isoforms
Several isoforms of the IL-15Ralpha protein have been detected. These isoforms can either result from alternative splicing of the mRNA encoding for the receptor or by shedding of the extra cellular domain of the receptor protein.
References
Further reading
- Giri, JG; Kumaki, S; Ahdieh, M; Friend, DJ; Loomis, A; Shanebeck, K; Dubose, R; Cosman, D et al. (1995). "Identification and cloning of a novel IL-15 binding protein that is structurally related to the alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor". The EMBO journal 14 (15): 3654–63. PMC 394440. PMID 7641685. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=394440.
- Jacob, Chaim O.; Mykytyn, Kirk; Varcony, Terry; Drabkin, Harry A. (1993). "Mapping of the interleukin 5 receptor gene to human Chromosome 3 p25–p26 and to mouse Chromosome 6 close to the Raf-1 locus with polymorphic tandem repeat sequences". Mammalian Genome 4 (8): 435–9. doi:10.1007/BF00296817. PMID 8104057.
- Kumaki, S.; Kumaki, S; Ahdieh, M; Bertles, J; Tometsko, M; Loomis, A; Giri, J; Copeland, NG et al. (1995). "Functional Characterization of the Human Interleukin-15 Receptor alpha Chain and Close Linkage of IL15RA and IL2RA Genes". Journal of Biological Chemistry 270 (50): 29862–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.50.29862. PMID 8530383.
- Andersson, B; Wentland, MA; Ricafrente, JY; Liu, W; Gibbs, RA (1996). "A "Double Adaptor" Method for Improved Shotgun Library Construction". Analytical Biochemistry 236 (1): 107–13. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138. PMID 8619474.
- Yu, W; Andersson, B; Worley, KC; Muzny, DM; Ding, Y; Liu, W; Ricafrente, JY; Wentland, MA et al. (1997). "Large-Scale Concatenation cDNA Sequencing". Genome research 7 (4): 353–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7.4.353. PMC 139146. PMID 9110174. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139146.
- Dubois, S.; Magrangeas, F; Lehours, P; Raher, S; Bernard, J; Boisteau, O; Leroy, S; Minvielle, S et al. (1999). "Natural Splicing of Exon 2 of Human Interleukin-15 Receptor alpha -Chain mRNA Results in a Shortened Form with a Distinct Pattern of Expression". Journal of Biological Chemistry 274 (38): 26978–84. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.38.26978. PMID 10480910.
- Pereno, Raffaele; Giron-Michel, Julien; Gaggero, Alessia; Cazes, Eric; Meazza, Raffaella; Monetti, Monia; Monaco, Eugenia; Mishal, Zohar et al. (2000). "IL-15/IL-15Rα intracellular trafficking in human melanoma cells and signal transduction through the IL-15Rα". Oncogene 19 (45): 5153–62. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203873. PMID 11064452.
- Mariner, JM; Lantz, V; Waldmann, TA; Azimi, N (2001). "Human T cell lymphotropic virus type I Tax activates IL-15R alpha gene expression through an NF-kappa B site". Journal of immunology 166 (4): 2602–9. PMID 11160322.
- Asao, H; Okuyama, C; Kumaki, S; Ishii, N; Tsuchiya, S; Foster, D; Sugamura, K (2001). "Cutting edge: The common gamma-chain is an indispensable subunit of the IL-21 receptor complex". Journal of immunology 167 (1): 1–5. PMID 11418623.
- Bulanova, E; Budagian, V; Pohl, T; Krause, H; Dürkop, H; Paus, R; Bulfone-Paus, S (2001). "The IL-15R alpha chain signals through association with Syk in human B cells". Journal of immunology 167 (11): 6292–302. PMID 11714793.
- Wu, TS; Lee, JM; Lai, YG; Hsu, JC; Tsai, CY; Lee, YH; Liao, NS (2002). "Reduced expression of Bcl-2 in CD8+ T cells deficient in the IL-15 receptor alpha-chain". Journal of immunology 168 (2): 705–12. PMID 11777964.
- Khan, I. A.; Moretto, M; Wei, XQ; Williams, M; Schwartzman, JD; Liew, FY (2002). "Treatment with Soluble Interleukin-15Rα Exacerbates Intracellular Parasitic Infection by Blocking the Development of Memory CD8+ T Cell Response". Journal of Experimental Medicine 195 (11): 1463–70. doi:10.1084/jem.20011915. PMC 2193543. PMID 12045244. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2193543.
- Kurowska, M.; Rudnicka, W.; Maślińska, D.; Maśliński, W. (2002). "Expression of IL-15 and IL-15 Receptor Isoforms in Select Structures of Human Fetal Brain". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 966: 441–5. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04245.x. PMID 12114302.
- Comes, Alberto; Carlo, Emma Di; Musiani, Piero; Rosso, Ombretta; Meazza, Raffaella; Chiodoni, Claudia; Colombo, Mario P.; Ferrini, Silvano (2002). "IFN-γ-independent synergistic effects of IL-12 and IL-15 induce anti-tumor immune responses in syngeneic mice". European Journal of Immunology 32 (7): 1914–23. doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200207)32:7<1914::AID-IMMU1914>3.0.CO;2-P. PMID 12115611.
- Mammalian Gene Collection Program Team, RL; Feingold, EA; Grouse, LH; Derge, JG; Klausner, RD; Collins, FS; Wagner, L; Shenmen, CM et al. (2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241.
- Bernard, J.; Harb, C; Mortier, E; Quéméner, A; Meloen, RH; Vermot-Desroches, C; Wijdeness, J; Van Dijken, P et al. (2004). "Identification of an Interleukin-15 Receptor-binding Site on Human Interleukin-15". Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 (23): 24313–22. doi:10.1074/jbc.M312458200. PMID 15039446.
- Deloukas, P.; Earthrowl, M. E.; Grafham, D. V.; Rubenfield, M.; French, L.; Steward, C. A.; Sims, S. K.; Jones, M. C. et al. (2004). "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10". Nature 429 (6990): 375–81. doi:10.1038/nature02462. PMID 15164054.
- Vamosi, G. (2004). "IL-2 and IL-15 receptor -subunits are coexpressed in a supramolecular receptor cluster in lipid rafts of T cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101 (30): 11082–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.0403916101.
- Mortier, E; Bernard, J; Plet, A; Jacques, Y (2004). "Natural, proteolytic release of a soluble form of human IL-15 receptor alpha-chain that behaves as a specific, high affinity IL-15 antagonist". Journal of immunology 173 (3): 1681–8. PMID 15265897.
- Gerhard, DS; Wagner, L; Feingold, EA; Shenmen, CM; Grouse, LH; Schuler, G; Klein, SL; Old, S et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Research 14 (10b): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928.
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2ers: Solution structure of the Interleukin-15 receptor sushi domain
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