Indriidae
| Indridae[1] Temporal range: Pleistocene to Recent |
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| Indri (Indri indri) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Suborder: | Strepsirrhini |
| Infraorder: | Lemuriformes |
| Family: | Indriidae Burnett, 1828 |
| Genera | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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The Indriidae (sometimes incorrectly spelled Indridae[3]) are a family of strepsirrhine primates. They are medium to large sized lemurs with only four teeth in the toothcomb instead of the usual six. Indriids, like all lemurs, live exclusively on the island of Madagascar.
The group was once much larger, and, in addition to the thirteen species living today, also contains eleven extinct species in six genera. Most if not all were larger animals, called 'sloth lemurs'. These included the chimpanzee-sized Palaeopropithecus and the gorilla-sized Archaeoindris. Most went extinct within the last 1500 to 2000 years, after humans colonized Madagascar.
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Characteristics
The ten extant indrid species vary considerably in size. Not counting the length of their tails, the avahis are only 30 centimetres (12 in) in length, while the Indri is the largest extant strepsirrhine. The tail of the Indri is only a stub, while avahi and the sifaka tails are as long as their bodies. Their fur is long and mostly from whitish over reddish up to grey. Their black faces, however, are always bald. The hind legs are longer than their fore limbs, their hands are long and thin, and their thumb cannot be opposed to the other fingers correctly.
All species are arboreal, though they do come to the ground occasionally. When on the ground, they stand upright and move with short hops forward, with their arms held high. In the trees, though, they can make extraordinary leaps and are extremely agile, able to change direction from tree to tree. Like most leaf eaters they adjust for the low nutrient content of their food by long rests. Often they can be seen lying stretched on trees sunning themselves. Indrids live together in family federations from two to 15 animals, communicating with roars and also with facial expressions.
Indrids are strict vegetarians, eating mostly leaves, fruits and flowers. Like some other herbivores, they have a large cecum, containing bacteria that ferment cellulose, allowing for more efficient digestion of plant matter.[4] They have fewer premolar teeth than other lemurs, with the dental formula of: 
Females and males usually mate monogamously for many years. Mostly at the end of the dry season, their four to five-month gestation ends with the birth of a single offspring, which lives in the family for a while after its weaning (at the age of five to six months).
Classification
There are 19 living species in the family, divided into 3 genera.[1][5]
Family Indriidae
- Genus Indri
- Indri, Indri indri
- Genus Avahi, woolly lemurs
- Bemaraha Woolly Lemur, Avahi cleesei
- Eastern Woolly Lemur, Avahi laniger
- Moore's Woolly Lemur, Avahi mooreorum
- Western Woolly Lemur, Avahi occidentalis
- Sambirano Woolly Lemur, Avahi unicolor
- Peyrieras' Woolly Lemur, Avahi peyrierasi
- Southern Woolly Lemur, Avahi meridionalis
- Ramanantsoavana's Woolly Lemur, Avahi ramanantsoavani
- Betsileo Woolly Lemur, Avahi betsileo
- Genus Propithecus, sifakas
- Propithecus diadema group
- Diademed Sifaka, Propithecus diadema
- Silky Sifaka, Propithecus candidus
- Milne-Edwards' Sifaka, Propithecus edwardsi
- Perrier's Sifaka, Propithecus perrieri
- Golden-crowned Sifaka, Propithecus tattersalli
- Propithecus verreauxi group
- Verreaux's Sifaka, Propithecus verreauxi
- Coquerel's Sifaka, Propithecus coquereli
- Decken's Sifaka, Propithecus deckenii
- Crowned Sifaka, Propithecus coronatus
- Propithecus diadema group
See also
References
- ^ a b Groves, C. (2005). Wilson, D. E., & Reeder, D. M, eds. ed. Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 119–121. OCLC 62265494. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=12100075.
- ^ McKenna, MC; Bell, SK (1997). Classification of Mammals: Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press. pp. 336. ISBN 0-231-11013-6.
- ^ "Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology". International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. p. 132. http://www.iczn.org/listes_indexes_names_1986_2006.pdf. Retrieved 14 January 2010.
- ^ Pollock, J.I. (1984). Macdonald, D.. ed. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 327–329. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.
- ^ Mittermeier, R. A. et al. (2008). "Lemur Diversity in Madagascar". International Journal of Primatology 29 (6): 1607–1656. doi:10.1007/s10764-008-9317-y.
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