Impaired glucose tolerance
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a pre-diabetic state of dysglycemia that is associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of cardiovascular pathology. IGT may precede type 2 diabetes mellitus by many years. IGT is also a risk factor for mortality.[1]
Criteria
According to the criteria of the World Health Organization and the American Diabetes Association, impaired glucose tolerance is defined as[2][3]:
- two-hour glucose levels of 140 to 199 mg per dL (7.8 to 11.0 mmol) on the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. A patient is said to be under the condition of IGT when he/she has an intermediately raised glucose level after 2 hours, but less than would qualify for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The fasting glucose may be either normal or mildly elevated.
From 10 to 15 percent of adults in the United States have impaired glucose or fasting tolerance.[4]
Treatment
The risk of progression to diabetes and development of cardiovascular disease is greater than for Impaired fasting glycaemia.[5]
Although some drugs can delay the onset of diabetes, lifestyle modifications play a greater role in the prevention of diabetes.[4][6] Patients identified as having an IGT should exercise regularly, lose 5 to 7 percent of body weight, and limit intake of (at least) sugar and highly processed carbohydrates.
See also
References
- ^ Barr EL, Zimmet PZ, Welborn TA, et al. (2007). "Risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab)". Circulation 116 (2): 151–7. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.685628. PMID 17576864.
- ^ .World Health Organization. "Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications: Report of a WHO Consultation. Part 1. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus". http://www.who.int/diabetes/publications/en/. Retrieved 2007-05-29.
- ^ American Diabetes, Association (2005). "Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus". Diabetes Care 28 Suppl 1: S37–42. PMID 15618111.
- ^ a b Shobha S. Rao, Phillip Disraeli, Tamara McGregor (15 April 2004). "Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Impaired Fasting Glucose". American Family Physician 69 (8): 1961. http://www.aafp.org/afp/20040415/1961.html.
- ^ Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine, 7th Ed., Longmore, Wilkinson, Turmezei and Cheung. Oxford University Press 2007.
- ^ Raina Elley C, Kenealy T (December 2008). "Lifestyle interventions reduced the long-term risk of diabetes in adults with impaired glucose tolerance". Evid Based Med 13 (6): 173. doi:10.1136/ebm.13.6.173. PMID 19043031.
Further reading
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