Ilokano has two number systems: one, native and the other, derived from Spanish. The systems are virtually used interchangeably. Yet, the situation can dictate which system is preferred.
Typically, Ilokanos use native numbers for one through 10, and Spanish numbers for amounts of 10 and higher.
Specific time is told using the Spanish system and numbers for hours and minutes, for example, Alas dos (2 o'clock).
For dates, cardinal Spanish numbers are the norm, for example, 12 (dose) ti Julio (the twelfth of July).
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Cardinal numbers are those used in counting.
| Number | Ilokano | Iloko-Spanish | Spanish |
|---|---|---|---|
| one | maysa | uno | uno |
| two | dua | dos | dos |
| three | tallo | tres | tres |
| four | uppat | kuatro | cuatro |
| five | lima | singko | cinco |
| six | innem | sais | seis |
| seven | pito | siete | siete |
| eight | walo | otso | ocho |
| nine | siam | nuebe | nueve |
| 10 | sangapulo[1][2] | dies | diez |
| 11 | sangapulo ket maysa | onse | once |
| 12 | sangapulo ket dua | dose | doce |
| 13 | sangapulo ket tallo | trese | trece |
| 14 | sangapulo ket uppat | katorse | catorce |
| 15 | sangapulo ket lima | kinse | quince |
| 16 | sangapulo ket innem | diesisais | diez y seis, dieciseis |
| 17 | sangapulo ket pito | diesisiete | diez y siete, diecisiete |
| 18 | sangapulo ket walo | diesiotso | diez y ocho, dieciocho |
| 19 | sangapulo ket siam | diesinuebe | diez y nueve, diecinueve |
| 20 | duapulo[1] | bainte | veinte |
| 21 | duapulo ket maysa | baintiuno | veinte y uno, veintiuno |
| 30 | tallopulo | treinta | treinta |
| 40 | uppat a pulo | kuarenta | cuarenta |
| 50 | limapulo | singkuenta | cincuenta |
| 60 | innem a pulo | sesenta | sesenta |
| 70 | pitopulo | setenta | setenta |
| 80 | walopulo | otsenta | ochenta |
| 90 | siam a pulo | nobenta | noventa |
| 100 | sangagasut[3][2] | sien[4], siento | cien[4], ciento |
| 101 | sangagasut ket maysa | sientoiuno | ciento y uno |
| 500[5] | limagasut | kinientos | quinientos |
| 1 000 | sangaribo[6][2] | mil | mil |
| 10 000 | sangalaksa[7][2] | diesmil | diez mil |
| 100 000 | sangagasut a laksa | cien mil | sien mil |
| 1 000 000 | sangariwriw[8][2] | milion | millón |
Numbers are connected to their nouns using the ligature a/nga.
maysa a botelia one bottle innem a riwriw a tao six million people
To form the ordinal number (second, third, etc.), except for first, maika- is prefixed to the cardinal form. Note the exceptional forms for third, fourth and sixth.
| Cardinal | Ordinal | Gloss |
|---|---|---|
| maysa | umuna (past: immuna) | first |
| dua | maikadua | second |
| tallo | maikatlo | third |
| uppat | maikapat | fourth |
| lima | maikalima | fifth |
| innem | maikanem | sixth |
| pito | maikapito | seventh |
| walo | maikawalo | eighth |
| siam | maikasiam | ninth |
| sangapulo | maikasangapulo | tenth |
Aggregate numbers have already been introduced: sangapulo, sangaribo, etc. Each is prefixed with sanga-. To form other groups, other numbers, and units of length, time or capacity can be used with sanga-. The alternate form is sangka-.
| Unit | Gloss | Aggregate | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| pulo | ten | sangapulo | ten |
| lima | five | sangalima | a group of five |
| igup | swallow | sangaigup | a gulp |
| iwa | slice | sangaiwa | a slice of |
| lamut | in mouth | sangalamut | mouthful |
Distributives are formed by prefixing sag- plus redupication of the first CV (light reduplication) of the cardinal form or the unit. Distributives express some many each, so many a piece. Note the irregular forms for one each, three each, four each and six each.
| Cardinal | Distributive | Gloss |
|---|---|---|
| maysa | saggaysa | one each, a piece |
| dua | sagdudua | two each, a piece |
| tallo | saggatlo | three each, a piece |
| uppat | sagpapat | four each, a piece |
| lima | saglilima | five each, a piece |
| innem | sagninem | six each, a piece |
| pito | sagpipito | seven each, a piece |
| walo | sagwawalo | eight each, a piece |
| mano | sagmamano | how many/much each, a piece |
| doliar | sagdodoliar | a dollar each, a piece |
Saggatlokami. We take three each. Sagdodoliarda. They are one dollar each.
When used with pami(n)-, sagpami(n)-, the result is a distributive multiplicative: so many times each.
Sagpaminduakami a napan a nabuya diay sine. We each say the movie twice.
Indefinite numbers are formed by prefixing sumag- and CV reduplication of the first syllable of the cardinal form. In addition, to the cardinal numbers, sumag- can be used with the interrogative mano How much/many?.
| Cardinal | Indefinite | Gloss |
|---|---|---|
| dua | sumagdudua | about two |
| tallo | sumaggatlo | about three |
| uppat | sumagpapat | about four |
| mano | sumagmamano | about how much/many |
Limitatives express no more, no less than what the root number or aggregate specifies. It is formed by reduplicating the CVC (heavy reduplication) of the first syllable of the cardinal number or root form. sanga-/sangka- may be reduplicated, sangsanga-/sangsangka-, also to express limitation.
| Cardinal | Limitative | Gloss |
|---|---|---|
| maysa | maymaysa | only one |
| dua | dudua | only two |
| tallo | taltallo | only three |
| uppat | up-uppat | only four |
| sangaigup | sangsangaigup | only one gulp |
Sangaigup ti nainumko I drank one gulp.
These adverbial numbers are formed by prefixing mami(n)- to the cardinal form. Note the forms for once, twice, three times/thrice. Perfect form: nami(n)-.
| Cardinal | Multiplicative | Gloss |
|---|---|---|
| maysa | maminsan | once |
| dua | mamindua | twice |
| tallo | mamitlo | three times, thrice |
| uppat | mamimpat | four times |
| lima | maminlima | five times |
| adu | mamin-adu | often, many times |
Maminduakanto a mapan. You will go twice. Namimpitok a nabuya. I've watched it seven times.
The denominator in fractions is prefixed by pagka-. Numbers such as sangapulo ten, sangagasut hundred, etc. drop the sanga- prefix before taking the prefix.
| Cardinal | Denominator | Gloss |
|---|---|---|
| tallo | pagkatlo | third |
| innem | pagkanem | sixth |
| sangagasut | pagkagasut | hundredth |
maysa a pagkatlo one third lima a pagkagasut 5 percent
Divisional numbers are formed by prefixing agka- and denotes into how many parts something is divided.
Agkawalonto ti "apple pie". The apple pie will be divided into eight pieces.