| Il-96 | |
|---|---|
| An Aeroflot Il-96-300 | |
| Role | Widebody airliner |
| Design group | Ilyushin |
| Built by | Voronezh Aircraft Production Association |
| First flight | September 28, 1988 |
| Introduction | December 29, 1992 with Aeroflot |
| Primary users | Aeroflot Cubana |
| Produced | 1993-present |
| Number built | 29 |
| Unit cost | US$ 40-50 million |
| Developed from | Ilyushin Il-86 |
The Ilyushin Il-96 (Russian: Ил-96) is a four-engined long-haul widebody airliner designed by Ilyushin in the Soviet Union and manufactured by the Voronezh Aircraft Production Association in Voronezh, Russia. It is powered by four Aviadvigatel PS-90 two-shaft turbofan engines.
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The Ilyushin Il-96 is a shortened, long-range, and advanced technology development of Russia's first widebody airliner, the Ilyushin Il-86. It features supercritical wings fitted with winglets, a glass cockpit, and a fly-by-wire control system. It was first flown in 1988 and certified in 1992. The basic Il-96-300 is equipped with modern Russian avionics integrating six multi-function colour LCD displays, inertial and satellite navigation systems, and a Traffic Collision Avoidance System (including mode "S"). It allows the airplane to be operated with two crew members. The avionics correspond to modern requirements on international routes in Europe and North America (RNP-1) and allow navigation and landing under ICAO CAT III/A conditions. The Il-96 is offered in three main variants: the Il-96-300, Il-96M/T and Il-96-400.
The Il-96-300 has a standard passenger capacity of 262 seats in a two-class configuration with 18 seats with a seat pitch of 54 inches (140 cm) and 244 seats with a pitch of 32 inches (81 cm), of which typical seating is 3-3-3 (layout), but low density seating is 2-4-2 (layout possible). Galleys are positioned on the upper deck, and the lower deck can accommodate 18 LD-3 containers and crew rest areas. Although its list price is more than 30% lower than equivalent Western types, Russian airlines are not particularly eager to buy it. As of September 2006[update], there are only 17 Il-96-300s in operation with Aeroflot (6 of the 17), KrasAir (2), Domodedovo Airlines (3; actually operated by Krasair on behalf of AiRUnion alliance), Atlant-Soyuz Airlines (1; cargo version), Cubana de Aviación (3) and Rossiya (2). Two more aircraft are being readied at the plant in Voronezh for shipment to the government of Cuba. Aeroflot and Transaero received tax exemption when importing Western-built aircraft in exchange for their promising to buy a few Il-96s each. Aeroflot-Cargo initiated talks about ordering 6 Il-96-400T and ordered 6 more Il-96-300
Meanwhile, Air Zimbabwe was planning to purchase 5 Il-96-300, making the airline the largest carrier of the type outside Russia and second largest carrier to operate the planes after Aeroflot. However, after talks with Russian authorities, the order was cancelled (along with Tupolev orders).
Iran Air took delivery of two Ilyushin Il-96-300s on short-term leases on from Russia's Kras Air in October 2006 and will use these aircraft on a trial basis for up to one year. If they meet its operational requirements, IFC will consider placing an order for up to four aircraft.
In June 2006, Syrianair announced an agreement to purchase two Il-96-400 aircraft and an Il-96-300 aircraft.
In June 2005, the Volga-Dnepr Group signed a 15-year financial agreement with Ilyushin Finance Corporation (IFC) to take delivery of two new-build Il-96-400T aircraft. The aircraft will be operated by Volga-Dnepr's subsidiary AirBridge Cargo. The first was due to have been delivered in late 2006.
Also in 2005 Atlant-Soyuz Airlines reached an agreement with Ilyushin Finance for the delivery of two Il-96-400T cargo planes in addition to the Il-96-300T the airline already operates.
The Cuban newspaper Granma announced on 3 January 2006 the first official flight of the Cubana Il-96-300, from Havana to Buenos Aires, Argentina.[1]
As of the second quarter of 2007, the factory was to have been tuned to produce only the two latest modifications of the plane.
On August 11, 2009 Russian Minister of Industry and Trade Viktor Khristenko announced that the manufacturing of the long-range aircraft of this class would be cancelled. In particular, the Il-96-300 had been deemed inferior to counterparts from Boeing and Airbus, and the manufacturer could not arrange commercially viable mass production, making only one plane per year.[2] The cargo version of the plane, Il-96T, will remain in production. This effectively means that Russia is left without a domestically manufactured long-range wide-body passenger plane.
There are two variants of the Il-96. The Il-96-300 was launched in 1985 with introduction into service in 1993. The Il-96M was launched in 1993 with introduction into service in 2000.
The Il-96-300 is the initial variant and is fitted with Aviadvigatel (Soloviev) PS90A turbofans with a thrust rating of 16,000 kgf (157 kN, 35,300 lbf). Development started in mid-80s while the first prototype flew on 28 September 1988, with Russian certification obtained on 29 December 1992. The first Il-96 entered service with Aeroflot in 1993.
Range with 262 passengers and fuel reserves (for holding 75 minutes at an altitude of 450 m) in a two-class configuration is about 11,000 km (5,940 nmi), allowing flights from Moscow to US west coast cities, a far improvement over the Ilyushin Il-86. Two were used by Russian president Vladimir Putin, and are now used by Dmitri Medvedev as VIP planes. The VIP aircraft is operated by Rossiya Airlines.
This variant also comes in a longer-range version dubbed Il-96-300V.
The Il-96M is a stretched variant of the Il-96-300. It features a 10 m (30 ft) fuselage stretch, is 15 tonnes (33,000 lb) heavier, is fitted with Western-style avionics, and is powered by four Pratt & Whitney PW2337 engines with a thrust rating of 165 kN (37,000 lbf). Range with 312 passengers in a three-class configuration or 92 tonne (203,000 lb) payload is about 10,400 km (5,600 nmi). This turned it into a true -but vastly more capable — Il-86 successor. The Il-96M/T is broadly comparable with the Airbus A330-300 and McDonnell Douglas MD-11CF, but is much cheaper. Development on the M/T variant stalled when the US Export-Import Bank suspended talks on financing the engines and avionics, due to Russia's economic problems.[3] The Il-96M also dispenses the need for a flight engineer. It is designed for a crew of two.
This is the freighter version of the Il-96M and Il-96-400. It is powered by four Aviadvigatel PS90 engines.
The Il-96-400 was developed with Russian avionics and engines. It is based on the Il-96M/T fuselage and is powered by four Aviadvigatel PS90-A1 turbofans. It can carry up to 436 passengers. Typical two-class configuration will have 386 passengers. Range with 315 passengers in a three-class configuration is about 10,000 km.[4] A special version, dubbed Il-96-400VT, was reported on Friday 19 March 2010 by the Wall Street Journal to bid on the US $40 billion Air Force Tanker Program contract.[5]
All users (updated December 2010):[6]
| Airline | Aircraft Type | In Service | On Order | Stored |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aeroflot | Il-96-300 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| Airstars | Il-96-300 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Cielos Airlines | Il-96-400T | 0 | 2[7] | 0 |
| Cubana | Il-96-300 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Polet | Il-96-400T | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Rossiya | Il-96-300 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
| Total | 16 | 10 | 1 |
| Year | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prod | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Year | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
| Prod | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Measurement | Il-96-300 | Il-96M | Il-96T | Il-96-400 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Length | 55.3 m (181 ft 7 in) | 64.7 m (212 ft 3 in) | 63.939 m (209 ft 9.28 in) | |
| Span | 60.11 m (197 ft 3 in) | |||
| Wing area | 350 m² (3767.9 ft²) | |||
| Wing sweep | 30° | |||
| Flaps/Slats | I - 2°/3° (275 KIAS), II - 3°/25° (264 KIAS), III - 10°/25° (243 KIAS), IV - 25°/25° (210 KIAS) for Takeoff, V - 40°/25° (189 KIAS) for Landing |
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| Fuselage Diameter | 6.08 m (19.94 ft) | |||
| Height | 15.7 m (57 ft 7 in) | |||
| Operating Empty Weight | 120,400 kg (265,198 lb) | 132,400 kg (291,630 lb) | 116,400 kg (256,387 lb) | 122,300 kg (269,383 lb) |
| Max. Zero Fuel Weight | 180,000 kg (403,000 lb) | 208,400 kg (459,030 lb) | ||
| Max. Landing Weight | 183,000 kg (403,083 lb) | 220,000 kg (484,581 lb) | 220,000 kg (484,581 lb) | 220,000 kg (484,581 lb) |
| Max. Take-off Weight | 250,000 kg (551,000 lb) | 270,000 kg (595,000 lb) | 270,000 kg (594,713 lb) | 265,000 kg (583,700 lb) |
| Max. Payload | 40,000 kg (88,105 lb) | 58,000 kg (127,753 lb) | 92,000 kg (202,643 lb) | 58,000 kg (127,753 lb) |
| Takeoff Run at MTOW | 2,340 m (7,677 ft) | 3,000 m (9,843 ft) | 2,700 m (8,858 ft) | 2,700 m (8,858 ft) |
| Landing Run | 860 m (2,821 ft) | 1,800 m (5,906 ft) | 1,650 m (5,511 ft) | 1,650 m (5,511 ft) |
| Cruising speed | 0.78 to 0.84 Mach or 850 to 870 km/h TAS (459 to 469 KTAS) | |||
| Maximum speed (Vmo) | 0.84 Mach or 900 km/h IAS (485 KIAS)[8] | |||
| Service ceiling | 13,100 m (43,000 Ft) | |||
| Cruise Altitude | 9,000 to 12,000 m (29,527 to 39,370 Ft) | |||
| Range with max. payload | 11,500 km (6,209 nmi) | 12,800 km (6,907 nmi) | 5,000 km (2,699 nmi) | 10,000 km (5,400 nmi) |
| Range with max. fuel | 13,500 km (7,289 nmi) | 15,000 km (8,100 nmi) | 12,000 km (6,479 nmi) | 12,000 km (6,479 nmi) |
| Max. Fuel capacity | 152,620 l (40,322 US gal) | |||
| Engines (x4) | Aviadvigatel PS-90A[9] | Pratt & Whitney PW2000 | Pratt & Whitney PW2337 or Aviadvigatel PS-90A1 |
Aviadvigatel PS-90A1[10] |
| Thrust (x4) | PS-90A: 16,000 kg (35,242 lb) N2:10,425 RPM |
17,030 kg (37,511 lb) N2:12,360 RPM |
PW2337: 17,030 kg (37,511 lb) N2:12,360 RPM |
PS-90A1: 17,400 kg (38,326 lb) |
| Engine Dry Weight (x4) | 2,950 kg (6,497 lb) |
3,314 kg (7,300 lb) |
PW2337: 3,314 kg (7,300 lb) |
2,950 kg (6,497 lb) |
| Cockpit crew | Three | Two | Two (op. Three) | |
| 3-class Seating capacity | 237 | 307 | 315 | |
| 2-class Seating capacity | 263 | 340 | 386 | |
| 1-class Seating capacity | 300 | 420 | 436 | |
| Cargo Capacity | F.H.1: 9,000 kg (Front) F.H.2: 15,000 kg (Back) F.H.3: 1,000 kg (Back) 6 LD3 (front) 10 LD3 (Rear) |
580m³ main deck 114m³ front lower deck 82m³ rear lower deck 18 LD3 (Front) 14 LD3 (Rear) |
114m³ front lower deck 82m³ rear lower deck 18 LD3 (Front) 14 LD3 (Rear) |
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Data from Ilyushin Aviation Complex,[11] FAA Certification Document A54NM and Il-96-300 Pilot Manual
| Il-96-300/-400 aircraft lifetime | |
|---|---|
| Years | 20 |
| Landings | 20000 |
| Flying hours | 60000 |
The airplane has the following systems installed, providing compliance with ICAO recommendations and Eurocontrol requirements:
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