The Ibero-American Summit (formally, the Ibero-American Summits of Heads of State and Governments; Spanish: Cumbres Iberoamericanas de Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno; Portuguese: Cúpulas Ibero-Americanas de Chefes de Estado e de Governo or Cimeiras Ibero-Americanas de Chefes de Estado e de Governo), is a yearly meeting of the heads of government and state of the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking nations of Europe and the Americas, as members of the Organization of Ibero-American States.
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The first summit, held in 1991 in Guadalajara, Mexico, was attended by the governments of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Spain, Uruguay and Venezuela. Andorra joined in 2004.[1][2][3] Equatorial Guinea and the Philippines entered in 2009 as "associate members". Puerto Rico has participated sometimes as an associate member, but as it is not a sovereign country it is not allowed to completely join the summits. Belize and East Timor have expressed their interest in joining the summits, although they have not been allowed to join for the moment. All these countries were either Spanish or Portuguese colonies (Belize and the Philippines were Spanish before belonging to the UK and the US, respectively). Other former Spanish and Portuguese colonies may join the summits in the future.
Full Members
Associate member
Future member
Summit | Place | Dates[4] |
1st | Guadalajara, Mexico | July 18–July 19, 1991 |
2nd | Madrid, Spain | July 23–July 24, 1992 |
3rd | Salvador, Brazil | July 15–July 16, 1993 |
4th | Cartagena, Colombia | June 14–June 15, 1994 |
5th | San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina | October 16–October 17, 1995 |
6th | Santiago and Viña del Mar, Chile | November 13–November 14, 1996 |
7th | Isla Margarita, Venezuela | November 8–November 9, 1997 |
8th | Porto, Portugal | October 17–October 18, 1998 |
9th | Havana, Cuba | November 15–November 16, 1999 |
10th | Panama City, Panama | November 17–November 18, 2000 |
11th | Lima, Peru | November 17–November 18, 2001 |
12th | Bávaro, Dominican Republic | November 15–November 16, 2002 |
13th | Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia | November 14–November 15, 2003 |
14th | San José, Costa Rica | November 18–November 20, 2004 |
15th | Salamanca, Spain | October 14–October 15, 2005 |
16th | Montevideo, Uruguay | November 3–November 5, 2006 |
17th | Santiago, Chile | November 8–November 10, 2007 |
18th | San Salvador, El Salvador | October 29–October 31, 2008 |
19th | Estoril, Portugal | November 30–December 1, 2009 |
20th | Mar de Plata, Argentina | December 3–December 4, 2010 |
21st | Asunción, Paraguay | 2011 |
22nd | Cádiz, Spain | 2012 |