Hyperlink cinema

Hyperlink cinema is a term coined by author Alissa Quart, who used the term in her review of the film Happy Endings (2005) for the film journal Film Comment in 2005.[1] Film critic Roger Ebert popularized the term when reviewing the film Syriana in 2005.[2] These films are not hypermedia and do not have actual hyperlinks, but are multilinear in a more metaphorical sense.

In describing Happy Endings, Quart considers captions acting as footnotes and split screen as elements of hyperlink cinema and notes the influence of the World Wide Web and multitasking.[1] Playing with time and characters' personal history, plot twists, interwoven storylines between multiple characters, jumping between the beginning and end (flashback and flashforward) are also elements.[1] Ebert further describes hyperlink cinema as films where the characters or action reside in separate stories, but a connection or influence between those disparate stories is slowly revealed to the audience; illustrated in Mexican director Alejandro González Iñárritu's films Amores Perros (2000), 21 Grams (2003), and Babel (2006).[2][3]

Quart suggests that director Robert Altman created the structure for the genre and demonstrated its usefulness for combining interlocking stories in his films Nashville (1975) and Short Cuts (1993).[4] She also mentions the television series 24 and discusses Alan Rudolph’s film Welcome to L.A. (1976) as an early prototype.[1] Crash (2004) is an example of the genre, as are Altman's The Player (1992), Steven Soderbergh's Traffic (2000), City of God (2002), Syriana (2005), and Nine Lives (2005).[4] Elements of hyperlink cinema can also be seen in the earlier film Kanchenjungha (1962), by Satyajit Ray.[5]

Contents

Hyperlink films

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Quart, Alissa (Jul/Aug 2005). "Networked". Film Comment 41 (4): 48–5. http://www.alissaquart.com/articles/2005/08/networked_don_roos_and_happy_e.html. Retrieved 2007-07-25. 
  2. ^ a b c d e f Ebert, Roger (2005-12-09). "Syriana". Reviews (rogerebert.com). http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20051208/REVIEWS/51130002/1023. Retrieved 2007-07-25. 
  3. ^ a b c d Ebert, Roger (2007-09-22). "Babel". Reviews (rogerebert.com). http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070922/REVIEWS08/70922001/1023. Retrieved 2008-02-08. 
  4. ^ a b Ebert, Roger (2006). Roger Ebert's Movie Yearbook 2007. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 100. ISBN 0740761579
  5. ^ a b "An Interview with Satyajit Ray". 1982. http://raylifeandwork.blogspot.com/2009/02/interview-with-satyajit-ray.html. Retrieved 2009-05-24. 
  6. ^ Ghatak, Ritwik (2000). Rows and Rows of Fences: Ritwik Ghatak on Cinema. Ritwik Memorial & Trust Seagull Books. pp. ix & 134–36. ISBN 8170461782 
  7. ^ Bütün Filmleriyle Yilmaz Güney by Agah Özguc
  8. ^ Bütün Filmleriyle Yilmaz Güney by Agah Özguc
  9. ^ Ebert, Roger (2009-01-14). "After Hours". Chicago Sun-Times. http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090114/REVIEWS08/901149976. Retrieved 2009-01-17. 
  10. ^ a b c d e Ebert, Roger (2006-01-06). "Cape of Good Hope". Reviews (rogerebert.com). http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060105/REVIEWS/60103003/1023. Retrieved 2008-02-08. 
  11. ^ Ebert, Roger (9 March 2003). "Three Colors Trilogy: Blue, White, Red :: rogerebert.com :: Great Movies". Retrieved on March 3, 2010.
  12. ^ Kipp, Jeremiah (12 August 2008). "Before the Rain | Film Review | Slant Magazine". Retrieved on March 3, 2010.
  13. ^ Exotica Roger Ebert Great Movies
  14. ^ Booker, M. Keith. (2007). In Postmodern Hollywood. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 12-21. ISBN 0275999009. Google Book Search. Retrieved on October 18, 2008.
  15. ^ Holden, Stephen (22 January 1999). "Movie Review - Playing By Heart - FILM REVIEW; In a Cocktail of Romance, Different Flavors of Love - NYTimes.com". Retrieved on March 3, 2010.
  16. ^ Ebert, Roger (2002-01-18). "Lantana". Reviews (rogerebert.com). http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20020118/REVIEWS/201180303/1023. Retrieved 2009-02-14. 
  17. ^ "Look Both Ways". Chicago Sun-Times. http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060427/REVIEWS/60421005/1023. 
  18. ^ Skinner, Marjorie. (4 September 2008). "The Celestial Prophecy :: Living on The Edge of Heaven". Portland Mercury. Retrieved on September 5, 2008.
  19. ^ Gandert, Sean. (18 October 2007). "Paste Magazine  :: Review :: Rendition". Paste. Retrieved on February 8, 2008.
  20. ^ "The Air I Breathe - Movie - Review - The New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved on May 13, 2008.
  21. ^ van Hoeij, Boyd. (19 May 2008). "European Films - review: Gomorra (Gomorrah) (Cannes 2008)". Retrieved on October 30, 2008.
  22. ^ Gupta, Shubra (23 August 2008). "Mumbai Meri Jaan (Hindi)". Retrieved on August 8, 2009.
  23. ^ Snider, Eric D. (16 February 2010). "Portland Film Fest Review: Ajami - Cinematical". Retrieved on March 3, 2010.
  24. ^ Anderson, Melissa. (8 May 2009). "Powder Blue Review - Read Variety's Analysis Of The Movie Powder Blue". Retrieved on July 21, 2010.
  25. ^ "REVIEW: Hereafter « Marshall and the Movies". Marshall and the Movies. http://marshallandthemovies.com/2010/11/04/hereafter/. 
  26. ^ Akhilesh. (8 May 2009). "[1]". Retrieved on January 11, 2011.
  27. ^ http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8593/malayalam/bombay-march-12/3185/review.htm
  28. ^ Wickman, Forrest (September 9, 2011). "Steven Soderbergh's Contagion". Slate.com. http://www.slate.com/id/2303397/. 

External links