| Hyoglossus | |
|---|---|
| Extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Left side. (Hyoglossus visible at center.) | |
| Muscles of the neck. Anterior view. Hyoglossal muscle in purple | |
| Latin | musculus hyoglossus |
| Gray's | subject #242 1129 |
| Origin | Hyoid |
| Insertion | side of the tongue |
| Artery | |
| Nerve | Hypoglossal (CN XII) |
| Actions | depresses and retracts the tongue |
The Hyoglossus, thin and quadrilateral, arises from the side of the body and from the whole length of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone, and passes almost vertically upward to enter the side of the tongue, between the Styloglossus and Longitudinalis inferior.
The hyoglossus depresses and retracts the tongue makes the dorsum more convex
The fibers arising from the body of the hyoid bone overlap those from the greater cornu.
It is important in singing.
Structures passing medially to the hyoglossus muscle are the lingual vein and lingual artery. Laterally, in between the hyoglossus muscle and the mylohyoid muscle lay several important structures (from superior in inferior): sublingual gland, submandibular duct, lingual nerve, vena comitans of hypoglossal nerve, and the hypoglossal nerve. Note, posteriorly, the lingual nerve is superior to the submandibular duct and a portion of the submandibular salivary gland protrudes into the space between the hyoglossus and mylohyoid muscles.
Structures that are medial/superficial to the hyoglossus are the glossopharyngeal nerve (9th Cranial nerve), the stylohyoid ligament and the lingual artery & vein. Since these structures are most superficial, they are most likely to be damaged.
This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained within it may be outdated.
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