| Honeysuckle | |
|---|---|
| 1. A flowering branch, 2. A fruiting branch, 3. Longitudinal section of a flower, 4. Fruit cut horizontally. | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Dipsacales |
| Family: | Caprifoliaceae |
| Genus: | Lonicera L. |
| Species | |
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See text - Selected Species |
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Honeysuckles (Lonicera, /lɒˈnɪsərə/;[1] syn. Caprifolium Mill.) are arching shrubs or twining vines in the family Caprifoliaceae, native to the Northern Hemisphere. There are about 180 species of honeysuckle, 100 of which occur in China; Europe, India and North America have only about 20 native species each. Widely known species include Lonicera periclymenum (European Honeysuckle or Woodbine), Lonicera japonica (Japanese Honeysuckle, White Honeysuckle, or Chinese Honeysuckle) and Lonicera sempervirens (Coral Honeysuckle, Trumpet Honeysuckle, or Woodbine Honeysuckle). Hummingbirds are attracted to these plants.
The leaves are opposite, simple oval, 1–10 cm long; most are deciduous but some are evergreen. Many of the species have sweetly-scented, bell-shaped flowers that produce a sweet, edible nectar. Breaking of the Honeysuckle's stem will release this powerful sweet odor. The fruit is a red, blue or black berry containing several seeds; in most species the berries are mildly poisonous, but a few (notably Lonicera caerulea) have edible berries. The plant is eaten by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species - see list of Lepidoptera that feed on honeysuckles.
The name Lonicera stems from Adam Lonicer, a Renaissance botanist.
Several species of Lonicera have become invasive when introduced outside their native range, particularly in New Zealand and the United States. Invasive species include L. japonica, L. maackii, L. morrowii, and L. tatarica.
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Honeysuckle is used in herbal cough medicines.
Lonicera acuminata
Lonicera albiflora - White Honeysuckle
Lonicera alpigena - Alpine Honeysuckle
Lonicera altmannii
Lonicera angustifolia
Lonicera anisocalyx
Lonicera arborea
Lonicera arizonica - Arizona Honeysuckle
Lonicera biflora
Lonicera bournei
Lonicera brevisepala
Lonicera buchananii
Lonicera buddleioides
Lonicera caerulea - Blue-berried Honeysuckle
Lonicera calcarata
Lonicera calvescens
Lonicera canadensis - American Fly Honeysuckle
Lonicera caprifolium - Perfoliate Honeysuckle
Lonicera carnosifolis
Lonicera chrysantha - Chrysantha Honeysuckle
Lonicera ciliosa - Orange Honeysuckle
Lonicera ciliosissima
Lonicera cinerea
Lonicera codonantha
Lonicera confusa
Lonicera conjugialis - Purpleflower Honeysuckle
Lonicera crassifolia
Lonicera cyanocarpa
Lonicera dasystyla - Tonkinese Honeysuckle
Lonicera dioica - Limber Honeysuckle
Lonicera elisae
Lonicera etrusca - Etruscan honeysuckle
Lonicera fargesii
Lonicera ferdinandii
Lonicera ferruginea
Lonicera flava - Yellow Honeysuckle
Lonicera fragilis
Lonicera fragrantissima - Winter Honeysuckle
Lonicera fulvotomentosa
Lonicera glutinosa
Lonicera graebneri
Lonicera gynochlamydea
Lonicera hellenica - Greek Honeysuckle
Lonicera hemsleyana
Lonicera heterophylla
Lonicera hildebrandiana - Giant Burmese Honeysuckle
Lonicera hirsuta - Hairy Honeysuckle
Lonicera hispida
Lonicera hispidula - Pink Honeysuckle
Lonicera humilis
Lonicera hypoglauca
Lonicera hypoleuca
Lonicera implexa
Lonicera inconspicua
Lonicera inodora
Lonicera interrupta - Chaparral Honeysuckle
Lonicera involucrata - Bearberry honeysuckle
Lonicera japonica - Japanese Honeysuckle
Lonicera jilongensis
Lonicera kansuensis
Lonicera kawakamii
Lonicera korolkowii - Blueleaf Honeysuckle
Lonicera lanceolata
Lonicera ligustrina
Lonicera litangensis
Lonicera longiflora
Lonicera longituba
Lonicera maackii - Amur Honeysuckle
Lonicera macrantha
Lonicera macranthoides
Lonicera maximowiczii
Lonicera microphylla
Lonicera minuta
Lonicera minutifolia
Lonicera modesta
Lonicera morrowii - Morrow's honeysuckle
Lonicera mucronata
Lonicera myrtillus
Lonicera nervosa
Lonicera nigra - Black-berried Honeysuckle
Lonicera nitida - Box or Boxleaf honeysuckle
Lonicera nubium
Lonicera nummulariifolia
Lonicera oblata
Lonicera oblongifolia - Swamp Fly Honeysuckle
Lonicera oiwakensis
Lonicera oreodoxa
Lonicera orientalis
Lonicera pampaninii
Lonicera paradoxa
Lonicera periclymenum - Common (or European) honeysuckle, Woodbine
Lonicera pileata - Privet honeysuckle
Lonicera pilosa - Mexican Honeysuckle
Lonicera praeflorens
Lonicera prostrata
Lonicera pyrenaica
Lonicera reticulata - Grape Honeysuckle
Lonicera retusa
Lonicera rhytidophylla
Lonicera rupicola
Lonicera ruprechtiana - Manchurian Honeysuckle
Lonicera saccata
Lonicera schneideriana
Lonicera semenovii
Lonicera sempervirens - Trumpet Honeysuckle
Lonicera serreana
Lonicera setifera
Lonicera similis
Lonicera spinosa
Lonicera splendida - Evergreen Honeysuckle
Lonicera standishii - Standish's Honeysuckle
Lonicera stephanocarpa
Lonicera subaequalis
Lonicera subhispida
Lonicera sublabiata
Lonicera subspicata - Southern Honeysuckle
Lonicera szechuanica
Lonicera taipeiensis
Lonicera tangutica
Lonicera tatarica - Tartarian Honeysuckle
Lonicera tatarinowii
Lonicera tomentella
Lonicera tragophylla
Lonicera tricalysioides
Lonicera trichogyne
Lonicera trichosantha
Lonicera trichosepala
Lonicera tubuliflora
Lonicera utahensis - Utah Honeysuckle
Lonicera villosa - Mountain Fly Honeysuckle
Lonicera virgultorum
Lonicera webbiana
Lonicera xylosteum - (European) Fly Honeysuckle, Dwarf Honeysuckle, Fly Woodbine
Lonicera yunnanensis