Hermann Schaaffhausen (1816, Koblenz – 1893) studied medicine in University of Berlin and received his doctor degree in 1839, and became a Professor of Anatomy at the University of Bonn. Schaaffhausen is credited with identifying the remains of Neanderthal 1 (together with J.C. Fuhlrott). Although Darwin's theory of evolution was not yet a widespread idea, the idea of transforming species was discussed in his article entitled "On the Constancy and Transformation of Species" in which he declared that "the immutability of species...is not proven."[1]