Health care in Tanzania is poor. 76 in 1,000 children are estimated to die before the age of five. Child mortality in Tanzania has, however, fallen at unprecedented rates over the past 15 years, from 155 per 1,000 live births in 1990.[1] AIDS and malaria are constant drains on health care services.
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Tanzania faces a mature, generalized HIV epidemic. Among the 1.4 million people living with HIV/AIDS, 70.5 percent are 25 to 49 years old, and 15 percent are 15-24 years. In young women ages 15 to 24, there is an HIV prevalence rate of 3.8 percent, which is significantly higher than the 2.8 percent prevalence rate among young men in the same age group. More than half of available hospital beds are occupied by AIDS-infected persons.[2]
Malaria exists throughout the year and is predominantly due to P. falciparum.[3]
In June 2011, the United Nations Population Fund released a report on The State of the World's Midwifery. It contained new data on the midwifery workforce and policies relating to newborn and maternal mortality for 58 countries. The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for United Republic of Tanzania is 790. This is compared with 449 in 2008 and 610.2 in 1990. The UN Child Mortality Report 2011, reports a decrease in under-five mortality from 155 per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 76 per 1,000 live births in 2010, and in neonatal mortality from 40 per 1,000 live births to 26 per 1,000 live births.[1] The aim of the report The State of the World's Midwifery is to highlight ways in which the Millennium Development Goals can be achieved, particularly Goal 4 – Reduce child mortality and Goal 5 – improve maternal health. In United Republic of Tanzania there are only two midwives per 1,000 live births; and the lifetime risk of death during delivery for women is one in 23. [4]
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