He zun

The He zun (何尊) was an ancient Chinese bronze zun vessel.[1] Its origin is more than 2,700 years old from the era of Western Zhou. It is the oldest artifact that inscribed the word "Middle Kingdom/China (中國)" in the container.[2] Today it is stored at the Shaanxi, Baoji Museum (寶雞市青銅器博物館).[1]

Contents

Dimension and significance

The vessel is 38.8cm tall, 28.8 cm in diameter and weights 14.6kg.[1] Inside the container, at the base, it contained 12 rows of 122 inscribed Chinese characters.[2] Of the 122 characters, 119 are identified while 3 are unknown.[3] Among the characters is the phrase (宅茲中國) inscribed in Zhou era form. This is the earliest known artifact to contain the word "middle kingdom/China (中國)".[2][3] It later became one of only 64 designated pieces of historical artifacts that can never leave Chinese soil.[4]

History

The construction of the city of Luoyi (洛邑) was documented in two chapters of the Book of History. This vessel also supports the claim.[5] Historians believe King Wu of Zhou was at Haojing (鎬京) at the time after the construction of Luoyi.[6] The record shows King Cheng of Zhou established his residence in Chengzhou (成周) in his 5th year. Most scholars consider this was 5th year after Duke of Zhou handed over the government.[5]

Discovery

The lost artifact was discovered by a Chan family. Behind their house in Baoji was a 3 metre tall cliff.[1] One cubic metre of the piece was sticking out from the soil. In 1963 the second son of the family dug out the piece thinking the part that sticks out would hurt somebody.[1] The piece revealed a taotie design, but the family did not know it was a national treasure. They then used it as a food storage container at home. On August 8, 1965 the family struggled with financial difficulties and sold the piece along with other junk to a waste center in Baoji for 30 yuan.[1]

In September 1965 a worker in the waste center informed an expert about the bronze piece. The expert recognized it as a Zhou dynasty artifact and brought it back to a museum.[1] In 1975 (end of Cultural revolution), the State Administration of Cultural Heritage sent the piece to the Shaanxi relic bureau. Bronze expert Ma Cheng-yuan (馬承源), head of Shanghai Museum at the time, recognised its significance.[3] The words inside the container was then studied.

In 1976 the PRC cultural bureau organized an art exhibition to the United States. The US requested this piece join the exhibit and offered a US$30 million protection coverage.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Xinhuanet.com. "Xinhuanet.com." 何尊. Retrieved on 2010-05-01.
  2. ^ a b c big5.7qiji.com. "China's 7 wonders (中國七大奇蹟)." 何尊. Retrieved on 2010-05-01.
  3. ^ a b c d Qkzz.net. "Qkzz.net." “中国”一词的最早记录者——何尊. Retrieved on 2010-05-01.
  4. ^ Wenbao.net. "Chinese cultural heritage protection official web list." 何尊 . Retrieved on 2010-05-01.
  5. ^ a b Li Feng. [2006] (2006) Landscape and power in early China: the crisis and fall of the Western Zhou, 1045-771 BC. Cambridge university press. 0521852722, 9780521852722. pg 63.
  6. ^ News.chinavoc.cn. "News.chinavoc.cn." 西周何尊赏析. Retrieved on 2010-05-01.