| Upper Savoy Haute-Savoie |
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| — Department — | |||
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| Location of Haute-Savoie in France | |||
| Coordinates: | |||
| Country | France | ||
| Region | Rhône-Alpes | ||
| Prefecture | Annecy | ||
| Subprefectures | Bonneville Saint-Julien-en-Genevois Thonon-les-Bains |
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| Government | |||
| • President of the General Council | Christian Monteil (DVD) | ||
| Area1 | |||
| • Total | 4,388 km2 (1,694.2 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation2 | 1,160 m (3,806 ft) | ||
| Highest elevation | 4,810.40 m (15,782 ft) | ||
| Lowest elevation | 250 m (820 ft) | ||
| Population (2007) | |||
| • Total | 706,708 | ||
| • Rank | 33rd | ||
| • Density | 161.1/km2 (417.1/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Department number | 74 | ||
| Arrondissements | 4 | ||
| Cantons | 34 | ||
| Communes | 294 | ||
| ^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km2 ^2 Inventaire forestier départemental, IIIe inventaire 1998 |
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Haute-Savoie ([ot savwa] ( listen); Arpitan : Savouè d’Amont / Hiôta-Savouè; English : Upper Savoy) is a French department in the Rhône-Alpes region of eastern France. It borders both Switzerland and Italy. The capital is Annecy. To the north is Lake Geneva and Switzerland; to the south and southeast are the Mont Blanc and Aravis mountain ranges and the French entrance to the Mont Blanc Tunnel to Italy is in Upper Savoy. It is noted for its winter sports and the first Winter Olympics were held at Chamonix in 1924.
Prior to 1860 the territory occupied by modern Haute-Savoie (English: Upper Savoy) and the adjoining department of Savoie had been part of the Kingdom of Sardinia since the 1713. Annexation of the region by France was formalised in the Treaty of Turin on March 24, 1860.
Between November 1942 and September 1943 Haute-Savoie was subjected to military occupation by Italy. The Maquis des Glières, a band of Free French Resistance fighters who opposed the Nazi, Vichy, and Milice regimes during World War II operated out of Haute-Savoie.
Haute-Savoie comprises 4 arrondissements, divided into 294 communes and 35 cantons.
To the north, Haute-Savoie borders the Swiss Canton of Geneva and Lake Geneva; to the east, Haute-Savoie borders the Swiss Canton of Valais and Italy's Aosta Valley; on the west lies the French department of Ain, and to the south the department of Savoie.
Haute-Savoie has the largest range of elevations of all the departments in France, the lowest point being 250 metres (820 ft) in the Rhone River Valley, and the highest Mont Blanc at 4,810.40 metres (15,782.2 ft).[1]:9 Some of the world's most well-known ski resorts are located in Haute-Savoie.
The terrain of the department includes the Alpine Mont Blanc Range; the French Prealps of the Aravis Range, Chablais Alps, Bornes Alps, and the Bauges Alps; and the peneplains of Genevois haut-savoyard and Albanais (known collectively as L'Avant-pays savoyard).[1]:9 Its mountainous terrain makes mountain passes important to trade and economic life. Some of the most important are the Col de la Forclaz, which connects Chamonix to the Canton of Valais; and the Mont Blanc Tunnel, linking Chamonix to Courmayeur in the Aosta Valley.[1]:10
| Views of Haute-Savoie | ||||||||||
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As of 1996, 178,624 hectares (441,390 acres) of Haute-Savoie is forested, equal to 38.8% of the total land area, compared to 34.4% for the Rhone-Alpes region and 27.1% for France. Of the forested hectares, 141,063 hectares (348,570 acres) (79%) are actively managed for timber and other forest products, with the remaining 37,561 hectares (92,820 acres) either have no commercial value or are used for outdoor recreation.[1]:12
National nature reserves are designated by the French government as areas where an outstanding natural heritage is present, both rare and typical areas in terms of species and geological elements. Management is charged to expert local organizations, with direction and evaluation from locals focusing on long-term protection for future generations and environmental education.[2] Of the 37,561 hectares (92,820 acres) of land not managed for timber, Haute-Savoie has nine national nature reserves totalling 24,542 hectares (60,640 acres).[3]
Haute-Savoie has significant fresh water resources. Among these, Lake Annecy is a major attraction, as is the town of Évian-les-Bains, perhaps the most famous town on the French shore of Lake Geneva, and well-known around the world for its Evian mineral water. Haute-Savoie is located entirely within the watershed of the Rhone.
In 2006, approximately 142,000 hectares (350,000 acres) of land was suitable for agriculture, of which 33,600 hectares (83,000 acres) (24%) was arable land suitable for market gardening, cultivation or pasture; 600 hectares (1,500 acres) for orchards; 300 hectares (740 acres) in vineyards; and 108,300 hectares (268,000 acres) of alpine tundra or grasses.[4]
Distribution of final agricultural production :
Dairy production is a large part of the Haute-Savoie economy earning €117.2 million euros in 2006, representing 74% of the net animal product worth. In the same time frame, cattle earned €29.7 million euros.[4]:8 Cheese production by variety is equal to:
See also: Abondance (cattle) - Savoy wine
Crafts occupied in late 2000, 15% of the workforce, or 28,443 employees and 1,922 apprentices and 11,951 companies represented included the Répertoire des Métiers or Trade Index, divided into:
Building construction and public works, included late December 2000, 13,867 employees in 4,838 companies spread
The trade sector accounted late December 2000, 33,994 employees in 9,351 Companies in:
In late 2006, the département had 600 commercial establishments in over 300 square metres (3,200 sq ft), for a total area of 705,419 square metres (7,593,070 sq ft), including:
From 1998 to 2005, 65 new supermarkets were built for an area totaling 50,000 square metres (540,000 sq ft).
Average expenditure per capita in 2006: 21,706€. Since the rise of the euro (2004–2007), Swiss clientele is a little less present in the order of -5/-6%, while it accounts for half of turnover in the sector the Geneve Savoyard district.
The traditional small business, representing less than 300 square metres (3,200 sq ft), represents the end of 2006, 84% of businesses, but only 40% of retail space.
4 301 companies were established in 2004 in Haute-Savoie, or 5.3% compared to 2003 nearly 80% in the service sector with a higher rank for the service to individuals (hotels, restaurants, recreational, cultural and sports, personal and household services). The general trade accounted for 21.6% of new businesses.
Four industrial sectors were particularly dynamic: real estate (+24%), construction (+15.4%), business services (+12.4%) and the food industry (10%).
In 1999, the Haute-Savoie had 2,779 established industrial companies producing the equivalent of 13.60% for all businesses.
Screw cutting is a high-precision parts machining industry, and Haute-Savoie generates the majority of French turnover. Firms engaged in screw-cutting are major employers in the department. Whilst the automotive industry is the principal client, firms also service the electronics, household appliance and medical sectors.[5]
This is one of the 67 clusters created in 2005.
This center is one dedicated to mechatronics (mechanics + electronics) and includes 60 000 industrial jobs in over 280 companies, mostly small, 1 200 researchers and 250 patents / year (in 2002 ). These actors are very widely exporting their goods and services.
Among the projects supported by the cluster must note the inertial tolerancing, a new approach in considering quality of a lot of machined parts. Based on the Taguchi function, the inertia of a lot of characteristic is defined by its deviation from its target. The inertial tolerancing is a research and development program supported by the Cluster for its member companies. It is led by a research team of the Symme Laboratory of the University of Savoie and the CTDEC or Centre Technique du Decolletage. The publication of the French standard NFX 04-008 demonstrates the relevance of topics covered by the Cluster.
Other programs involve the clean production of clean parts (4P project), developing new models of customer / supplier relationships to improve the effectiveness of simultaneous engineering tasks and the development of the international visibility of the Cluster and its members.
The companies concerned are industrial mechanics, precision engineering, precision turning and sub-assemblies and mechanical assemblies, often associated with integrating technologies such as plastics, electronics, fluidics.
The markets served by member companies of the cluster include transport (cars, trucks, rail and air), production or distribution of electricity, the fluid (gas or liquid, high pressure vacuum) medical and health as well a broad sector of industries not to mention the various electronic components passive or active.
For more details see the website of Pole.[6]
The research sector in Haute-Savoie, has filed 201 patents in 2000 and is represented by:
The services sector accounted late December 2000, 75,768 employees in 11,129 Companies in:
The tourism sector as of late December 2000, the total of 635,000 beds are divided into:
In 1999, attendance was 37.9 million increase in overnight stays, 56% in winter and 44% for the rest of the year.
Many people who live in Haute-Savoie work in Switzerland in the districts of Geneva of Vaud and Valais). In November 2006 more than 52,200 workers who lived in the region were employed in Switzerland. The phenomenon has accelerated dramatically since the bilateral agreements concluded between Switzerland and the European Union, of which a significant part related to the free movement of persons. In 2007, commuting flows has increased over 12%.
Since 1st June 2007, a resident of Haute-Savoie is entitled to freely work in Switzerland. The department and the municipalities receive compensation commonly called "frontier funds" allocated to municipalities in proportion to the number of border residents there. Following an agreement signed in Geneva 1973, the Canton of Geneva transferred to the Haute-Savoie an amount corresponding to 3.5% of the total mass of workers' compensation border, which was shown in December 2006 an allocation of €77.687 M., surrendered to common at 80%.
The Haute-Savoie is a highly exporting district. In 2007 the coverage rate for exports was 172% (compared to 90% in France). 40% of Haute-Savoie employees work directly for export. Exports are mainly made to Germany, the United States, Switzerland, Italy and the United Kingdom. Imports come mainly from Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, Switzerland and the United States. List of exporting companies Haute Savoie (Export Results 2008) headquartered in the département.
Habitation tax:
Income: