In civil engineering of shorelines, hard engineering is generally defined as controlled disruption of natural processes by using man-made structures.
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It is sometimes considered to be the use of concrete breakwalls [1] to limit the amount of coastal erosion on a being or a cliff-face where land is being absorbed by the sea or steel sheet piling to stabilize shorelines and achieve safety along the coastline to limit the amount of sand being transported by longshore drift.
It can cause unintended environmental consequences, such as new erosion and altered sedimentation-sand deposition patterns, that are detrimental to the immediate human and natural environment or along down-coast locations and habitats. Thing that involve hard engineering to make are groynes (a wooden wall to prevent longshore drift) and sea walls for waves to bounce off.
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