Natural hafnium (Hf) consists of five stable isotopes (176Hf, 177Hf, 178Hf, 179Hf, and 180Hf) and one very long-lived radioisotope, 174Hf, with a half-life of 2×1015 years. In addition, there are 30 other known radionuclides, the most stable of which is 182Hf with a half-life of 8.9×106 years. No other radioisotope has a half-life over 1.87 days. Most isotopes have half-lives under 1 minute. There are also 27 known nuclear isomers, the most stable of which is 178m3Hf with a half-life of 31 years.
Standard atomic mass: 178.49(2) u
nuclide symbol |
Z(p) | N(n) | isotopic mass (u) |
half-life[n 1] | decay mode(s)[1][n 2] |
daughter isotope(s)[n 3] |
nuclear spin |
representative isotopic composition (mole fraction) |
range of natural variation (mole fraction) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
excitation energy | |||||||||
153Hf | 72 | 81 | 152.97069(54)# | 400# ms [>200 ns] | 1/2+# | ||||
153mHf | 750(100)# keV | 500# ms | 11/2-# | ||||||
154Hf | 72 | 82 | 153.96486(54)# | 2(1) sec | β+ | 154Lu | 0+ | ||
α (rare) | 150Yb | ||||||||
155Hf | 72 | 83 | 154.96339(43)# | 890(120) ms | β+ | 155Lu | 7/2-# | ||
α (rare) | 151Yb | ||||||||
156Hf | 72 | 84 | 155.95936(22) | 23(1) ms | α (97%) | 152Yb | 0+ | ||
β+ (3%) | 156Lu | ||||||||
156mHf | 1959.0(10) keV | 480(40) µs | 8+ | ||||||
157Hf | 72 | 85 | 156.95840(21)# | 115(1) ms | α (86%) | 153Yb | 7/2- | ||
β+ (14%) | 157Lu | ||||||||
158Hf | 72 | 86 | 157.954799(19) | 2.84(7) sec | β+ (55%) | 158Lu | 0+ | ||
α (45%) | 154Yb | ||||||||
159Hf | 72 | 87 | 158.953995(18) | 5.20(10) sec | β+ (59%) | 159Lu | 7/2-# | ||
α (41%) | 155Yb | ||||||||
160Hf | 72 | 88 | 159.950684(12) | 13.6(2) sec | β+ (99.3%) | 160Lu | 0+ | ||
α (.7%) | 156Yb | ||||||||
161Hf | 72 | 89 | 160.950275(24) | 18.2(5) sec | β+ (99.7%) | 161Lu | 3/2-# | ||
α (.3%) | 157Yb | ||||||||
162Hf | 72 | 90 | 161.94721(1) | 39.4(9) sec | β+ (99.99%) | 162Lu | 0+ | ||
α (.008%) | 158Yb | ||||||||
163Hf | 72 | 91 | 162.94709(3) | 40.0(6) sec | β+ | 163Lu | 3/2-# | ||
α (10−4%) | 159Yb | ||||||||
164Hf | 72 | 92 | 163.944367(22) | 111(8) sec | β+ | 164Lu | 0+ | ||
165Hf | 72 | 93 | 164.94457(3) | 76(4) sec | β+ | 165Lu | (5/2-) | ||
166Hf | 72 | 94 | 165.94218(3) | 6.77(30) min | β+ | 166Lu | 0+ | ||
167Hf | 72 | 95 | 166.94260(3) | 2.05(5) min | β+ | 167Lu | (5/2)- | ||
168Hf | 72 | 96 | 167.94057(3) | 25.95(20) min | β+ | 168Lu | 0+ | ||
169Hf | 72 | 97 | 168.94126(3) | 3.24(4) min | β+ | 169Lu | (5/2)- | ||
170Hf | 72 | 98 | 169.93961(3) | 16.01(13) hr | EC | 170Lu | 0+ | ||
171Hf | 72 | 99 | 170.94049(3) | 12.1(4) hr | β+ | 171Lu | 7/2(+) | ||
171mHf | 21.93(9) keV | 29.5(9) sec | IT | 171Hf | 1/2(-) | ||||
172Hf | 72 | 100 | 171.939448(26) | 1.87(3) yr | EC | 172Lu | 0+ | ||
172mHf | 2005.58(11) keV | 163(3) ns | (8-) | ||||||
173Hf | 72 | 101 | 172.94051(3) | 23.6(1) hr | β+ | 173Lu | 1/2- | ||
174Hf[n 4] | 72 | 102 | 173.940046(3) | 2.0(4)×1015 yr | α | 170Yb | 0+ | 0.0016(1) | 0.001619-0.001621 |
174m1Hf | 1549.3 keV | 138(4) ns | (6+) | ||||||
174m2Hf | 1797.5(20) keV | 2.39(4) µs | (8-) | ||||||
174m3Hf | 1797.5 keV | 2.39(4) µs | (8-) | ||||||
174m4Hf | 3311.7 keV | 3.7(2) µs | (14+) | ||||||
175Hf | 72 | 103 | 174.941509(3) | 70(2) days | β+ | 175Lu | 5/2- | ||
176Hf[n 5] | 72 | 104 | 175.9414086(24) | Observationally Stable[n 6] | 0+ | 0.0526(7) | 0.05206-0.05271 | ||
177Hf | 72 | 105 | 176.9432207(23) | Observationally Stable[n 7] | 7/2- | 0.1860(9) | 0.18593-0.18606 | ||
177m1Hf | 1315.4504(8) keV | 1.09(5) sec | 23/2+ | ||||||
177m2Hf | 1342.38(20) keV | 55.9(12) µs | (19/2-) | ||||||
177m3Hf | 2740.02(15) keV | 51.4(5) min | 37/2- | ||||||
178Hf | 72 | 106 | 177.9436988(23) | Observationally Stable[n 8] | 0+ | 0.2728(7) | 0.27278-0.27297 | ||
178m1Hf | 1147.423(5) keV | 4.0(2) sec | 8- | ||||||
178m2Hf | 2573.5(5) keV | 68(2) µs | (14-) | ||||||
178m3Hf | 2445.69(11) keV | 31(1) yr | 16+ | ||||||
179Hf | 72 | 107 | 178.9458161(23) | Observationally Stable[n 9] | 9/2+ | 0.1362(2) | 0.13619-0.1363 | ||
179m1Hf | 375.0367(25) keV | 18.67(4) sec | 1/2- | ||||||
179m2Hf | 1105.84(19) keV | 25.05(25) days | 25/2- | ||||||
180Hf | 72 | 108 | 179.9465500(23) | Observationally Stable[n 10] | 0+ | 0.3508(16) | 0.35076-0.351 | ||
180m1Hf | 1141.48(4) keV | 5.47(4) hr | 8- | ||||||
180m2Hf | 1374.15(4) keV | 0.57(2) µs | (4-) | ||||||
180m3Hf | 2425.8(10) keV | 15(5) µs | (10+) | ||||||
180m4Hf | 2486.3(9) keV | 10(1) µs | 12+ | ||||||
180m5Hf | 2538.3(12) keV | >10 µs | (14+) | ||||||
180m6Hf | 3599.3(18) keV | 90(10) µs | (18-) | ||||||
181Hf | 72 | 109 | 180.9491012(23) | 42.39(6) days | β- | 181Ta | 1/2- | ||
181m1Hf | 595(3) keV | 80(5) µs | (9/2+) | ||||||
181m2Hf | 1040(10) keV | ~100 µs | (17/2+) | ||||||
181m3Hf | 1738(10) keV | 1.5(5) ms | (27/2-) | ||||||
182Hf | 72 | 110 | 181.950554(7) | 8.90(9)×106 yr | β- | 182Ta | 0+ | ||
182mHf | 1172.88(18) keV | 61.5(15) min | β- (58%) | 182Ta | 8- | ||||
IT (42%) | 182Hf | ||||||||
183Hf | 72 | 111 | 182.95353(3) | 1.067(17) hr | β- | 183Ta | (3/2-) | ||
184Hf | 72 | 112 | 183.95545(4) | 4.12(5) hr | β- | 184Ta | 0+ | ||
184mHf | 1272.4(4) keV | 48(10) sec | β- | 184Ta | 8- | ||||
185Hf | 72 | 113 | 184.95882(21)# | 3.5(6) min | β- | 185Ta | 3/2-# | ||
186Hf | 72 | 114 | 185.96089(32)# | 2.6(12) min | β- | 186Ta | 0+ | ||
187Hf | 72 | 115 | 186.96459(43)# | 30# s [>300 ns] | |||||
188Hf | 72 | 116 | 187.96685(54)# | 20# s [>300 ns] | 0+ |
Isotopes of lutetium | Isotopes of hafnium | Isotopes of tantalum |
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