HLA-DRB5
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB5 beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRB5 gene.[1]
Function
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogues. The class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DRA) and a beta chain (DRB), both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages).[1]
Gene structure and polymorphisms
The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa. It is encoded by 6 exons, exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DR molecule the beta chain contains all the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities. Hundreds of DRB1 alleles have been described and typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow and kidney transplantation.[1]
Gene expression
DRB1 is expressed at a level five times higher than its paralogues DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5. DRB1 is present in all individuals. Allelic variants of DRB1 are linked with either none or one of the genes DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5. The presence of DRB5 is linked with allelic variants of DRB1, otherwise it is omitted. There are 4 related pseudogenes: DRB2, DRB6, DRB7, DRB8 and DRB9.[1]
See also
References
Further reading
- Lau M, Terasaki PI, Park MS (1995). "International Cell Exchange, 1994.". Clinical transplants: 467–88. PMID 7547576.
- Dong RP, Kimura A, Sasazuki T (1992). "Sequence analysis of three novel DRw14-DRB1 alleles.". Immunogenetics 36 (2): 130–3. doi:10.1007/BF00215291. PMID 1612646.
- Piatier-Tonneau D, Gastinel LN, Amblard F, et al. (1991). "Interaction of CD4 with HLA class II antigens and HIV gp120.". Immunogenetics 34 (2): 121–8. doi:10.1007/BF00211424. PMID 1869305.
- Nong Y, Kandil O, Tobin EH, et al. (1991). "The HIV core protein p24 inhibits interferon-gamma-induced increase of HLA-DR and cytochrome b heavy chain mRNA levels in the human monocyte-like cell line THP1.". Cell. Immunol. 132 (1): 10–6. doi:10.1016/0008-8749(91)90002-S. PMID 1905983.
- Rosenstein Y, Burakoff SJ, Herrmann SH (1990). "HIV-gp120 can block CD4-class II MHC-mediated adhesion.". J. Immunol. 144 (2): 526–31. PMID 1967269.
- Callahan KM, Fort MM, Obah EA, et al. (1990). "Genetic variability in HIV-1 gp120 affects interactions with HLA molecules and T cell receptor.". J. Immunol. 144 (9): 3341–6. PMID 1970352.
- Petersdorf EW, Griffith RL, Erlich HA, et al. (1990). "Unique sequences for two HLA-DRB1 genes expressed on distinct DRw6 haplotypes.". Immunogenetics 32 (2): 96–103. doi:10.1007/BF00210446. PMID 1975801.
- Bowman MR, MacFerrin KD, Schreiber SL, Burakoff SJ (1991). "Identification and structural analysis of residues in the V1 region of CD4 involved in interaction with human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (22): 9052–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.22.9052. PMC 55099. PMID 1978941. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=55099.
- Gyllensten UB, Sundvall M, Erlich HA (1991). "Allelic diversity is generated by intraexon sequence exchange at the DRB1 locus of primates.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (9): 3686–90. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.9.3686. PMC 51517. PMID 2023919. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=51517.
- Lee KW, Johnson AH, Hurley CK (1990). "Two divergent routes of evolution gave rise to the DRw13 haplotypes.". J. Immunol. 145 (9): 3119–25. PMID 2212675.
- Gorski J (1989). "HLA-DR beta-chain polymorphism. Second domain polymorphism reflects evolutionary relatedness of alleles and may explain public serologic epitopes.". J. Immunol. 143 (1): 329–33. PMID 2471740.
- Clayton LK, Sieh M, Pious DA, Reinherz EL (1989). "Identification of human CD4 residues affecting class II MHC versus HIV-1 gp120 binding.". Nature 339 (6225): 548–51. doi:10.1038/339548a0. PMID 2543930.
- Hurley CK, Gregersen PK, Gorski J, et al. (1989). "The DR3(w18),DQw4 haplotype differs from DR3(w17),DQw2 haplotypes at multiple class II loci.". Hum. Immunol. 25 (1): 37–50. doi:10.1016/0198-8859(89)90068-2. PMID 2565895.
- Diamond DC, Sleckman BP, Gregory T, et al. (1988). "Inhibition of CD4+ T cell function by the HIV envelope protein, gp120.". J. Immunol. 141 (11): 3715–7. PMID 2846691.
- Freeman SM, Saunders TL, Madden M, et al. (1987). "Comparison of DR beta 1 alleles from diabetic and normal individuals.". Hum. Immunol. 19 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1016/0198-8859(87)90033-4. PMID 2884201.
- Lee BS, Rust NA, McMichael AJ, McDevitt HO (1987). "HLA-DR2 subtypes form an additional supertypic family of DR beta alleles.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (13): 4591–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.13.4591. PMC 305136. PMID 2885840. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=305136.
- Owerbach D, Rich C, Taneja K (1986). "Characterization of three HLA-DR beta genes isolated from an HLA-DR 3/4 insulin-dependent diabetic patient.". Immunogenetics 24 (1): 41–6. doi:10.1007/BF00372296. PMID 3015788.
- Wu S, Saunders TL, Bach FH (1987). "Polymorphism of human Ia antigens generated by reciprocal intergenic exchange between two DR beta loci.". Nature 324 (6098): 676–9. doi:10.1038/324676a0. PMID 3099214.
- Liu CP, Bach FH, Wu SK (1988). "Molecular studies of a rare DR2/LD-5a/DQw3 HLA class II haplotype. Multiple genetic mechanisms in the generation of polymorphic HLA class II genes.". J. Immunol. 140 (10): 3631–9. PMID 3129499.
- Steimle V, Hinkkanen A, Schlesier M, Epplen JT (1988). "A novel HLA-DR beta I sequence from the DRw11 haplotype.". Immunogenetics 28 (3): 208–10. doi:10.1007/BF00375861. PMID 3137159.
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PDB gallery
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1aqd: HLA-DR1 (DRA, DRB1 0101) HUMAN CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY PROTEIN (EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN) COMPLEXED WITH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDE
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1d5m: X-RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HLA-DR4 COMPLEXED WITH PEPTIDE AND SEB
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1dlh: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN CLASS II MHC PROTEIN HLA-DR1 COMPLEXED WITH AN INFLUENZA VIRUS PEPTIDE
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1fv1: STRUCTURAL BASIS FOR THE BINDING OF AN IMMUNODOMINANT PEPTIDE FROM MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN IN DIFFERENT REGISTERS BY TWO HLA-DR2 ALLELES
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1fyt: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A COMPLEX OF A HUMAN ALPHA/BETA-T CELL RECEPTOR, INFLUENZA HA ANTIGEN PEPTIDE, AND MHC CLASS II MOLECULE, HLA-DR1
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1h15: X-RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HLA-DRA1*0101/DRB5*0101 COMPLEXED WITH A PEPTIDE FROM EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS DNA POLYMERASE
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1hqr: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A SUPERANTIGEN BOUND TO THE HIGH-AFFINITY, ZINC-DEPENDENT SITE ON MHC CLASS II
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1hxy: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN H IN COMPLEX WITH HUMAN MHC CLASS II
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1j8h: Crystal Structure of a Complex of a Human alpha/beta-T cell Receptor, Influenza HA Antigen Peptide, and MHC Class II Molecule, HLA-DR4
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1jwm: Crystal Structure of the Complex of the MHC Class II Molecule HLA-DR1(HA peptide 306-318) with the Superantigen SEC3
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1jws: Crystal Structure of the Complex of the MHC Class II Molecule HLA-DR1 (HA peptide 306-318) with the Superantigen SEC3 Variant 3B1
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1jwu: Crystal Structure of the Complex of the MHC Class II Molecule HLA-DR1 (HA peptide 306-318) with the superantigen SEC3 Variant 3B2
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1kg0: Structure of the Epstein-Barr Virus gp42 Protein Bound to the MHC class II Receptor HLA-DR1
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1klg: Crystal structure of HLA-DR1/TPI(23-37, Thr28-->Ile mutant) complexed with staphylococcal enterotoxin C3 variant 3B2 (SEC3-3B2)
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1klu: Crystal structure of HLA-DR1/TPI(23-37) complexed with staphylococcal enterotoxin C3 variant 3B2 (SEC3-3B2)
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1lo5: Crystal structure of the D227A variant of Staphylococcal enterotoxin A in complex with human MHC class II
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1pyw: Human class II MHC protein HLA-DR1 bound to a designed peptide related to influenza virus hemagglutinin, FVKQNA(MAA)AL, in complex with staphylococcal enterotoxin C3 variant 3B2 (SEC3-3B2)
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1r5i: Crystal structure of the MAM-MHC complex
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1seb: COMPLEX OF THE HUMAN MHC CLASS II GLYCOPROTEIN HLA-DR1 AND THE BACTERIAL SUPERANTIGEN SEB
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1sje: HLA-DR1 complexed with a 16 residue HIV capsid peptide bound in a hairpin conformation
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1sjh: HLA-DR1 complexed with a 13 residue HIV capsid peptide
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1t5w: HLA-DR1 in complex with a synthetic peptide (AAYSDQATPLLLSPR)
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1t5x: HLA-DR1 in complex with a synthetic peptide (AAYSDQATPLLLSPR) and the superantigen SEC3-3B2
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1zgl: Crystal structure of 3A6 TCR bound to MBP/HLA-DR2a
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2g9h: Crystal Structure of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin I (SEI) in Complex with a Human MHC class II Molecule
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2iam: Structural basis for recognition of mutant self by a tumor-specific, MHC class II-restricted TCR
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2ian: Structural basis for recognition of mutant self by a tumor-specific, MHC class II-restricted TCR
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2icw: Crystal structure of a complete ternary complex between TCR, superantigen, and peptide-MHC class II molecule
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| [[2oje: Mycoplasma arthritidis-derived mitogen complexed with class II MHC molecule HLA-DR1/HA complex in the presence of EDTA |center|border|180x180px|alt=|]] |
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Major histocompatibility complex/
Human leukocyte antigen |
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HLA-DM ( α, β) • HLA-DO ( α, β) • HLA-DP ( α1, β1) • HLA-DQ ( α1, α2, β1, β2, β3) • HLA-DR ( α, β1, β3, β4, β5)
Minor histocompatibility antigen
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| Other |
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cell/phys/auag/auab/comp, igrc
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