HLA-A24

HLA-A24
(MHC Class I, A cell surface antigen)
Rendering of 2bck: α (A*2402 gene product), β2-microglobulin, and telomerase peptide.
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Protein transmembrane receptor/ligand
Structure αβ heterodimer
Subunits HLA-A*24--, β2-microglobulin
Older names "HL-A9"
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subtype allele Available structures
A24 *2402 2bck
A9.3 *2403
Alleles link-out to IMGT/HLA database at EBI

HLA-A24 (A24) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α24 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A24, the alpha, "A", chain are encoded by the HLA-A*24 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus.[1] This group currently is dominated by A*2402. A24 and A*24 are almost synonymous in meaning.

Further information: HLA serotypes explained

A24 is a split antigen of the broad antigen HLA-A9 and it is a sister serotype of HLA-A23.

A*2402 has one of the highest "A" frequencies identified for a number of peoples, including Papua New Guineans, Indigenous Taiwanese (Eastern Tribals), Yupik and Greenland Eskimos. It is common over much of Southeastern Asia. In Eurasia it is least common in Ireland, and A24 is relatively uncommon in Africa except North Africa and Kenya.

Contents

Serotype

A24 recognition of some HLA A*24 gene products[2]
A*24 A24 A9 Sample
allele  %  % size (N)
*2402 97 3098
*2403 55 4  282

There are over 90 known A*24 alleles, 69 code for different isoforms and 7 are nulls. A*2403 can also be detected as A2403 serotype.

Associated disease

A24 has a secondary risk factor for myasthenia gravis,[3] Buerger's disease.[4]

Alleles

HLA A*2402 frequencies
 Study population  Freq.
 (in %)[5]
 Taiwan Paiwan   86.3
 Taiwan Tsou   78.4
 Taiwan Rukai   76.0
 Papua New Guinea Goroka   74.4
 PNG Karimui Plateau   74.4
 Taiwan Puyuma   64.0
 Taiwan Ami   62.8
 PNG Wanigela   62.7
 Taiwan Atayal   61.8
 Ecuador Cayapa   61.4
 New Caledonia   60.7
 Venezuela Perja Mtn. Bari   60.2
 USA Alaska Yupik Natives   58.1
 Taiwan Tao   54.0
 PNG Wosera   51.3
 Taiwan Siraya   47.1
 Taiwan Taroko   44.5
 Mexico Chihuahua Tarahuma…   37.5
 USA Arizona Pima   36.0
 Taiwan Pazeh   33.6
 Japan Okinawa Ryukuan   33.5
 American Samoa   33.0
 Japan (5)   32.7
 Philippines Ivatan   32.0
 PNG New Britain Rabaul   31.6
 N. Mexico Canoncito Navaj…   30.5
 Australia Indig. Yuendumu   29.8
 Australia Indig. Groote E…   29.3
 China Tibetans   27.2
 S. Dakota Lakota Sioux   26.2
 Mexico Mixtec Oaxaca   24.5
 Japan Ainu Hokkaido   24.0
 Venezuela Perija Mtns. Yu…   23.3
 Mexico Zaptotec Oaxaca   23.1
 USA North American Native…   22.7
 Australia Indig. Cape Yor…   22.3
 Ch. Guangdong Meizhou Han   22.2
 Russia Tuva (2)   21.5
 Singapore Chinese Han   21.5
 India North Hindus   20.2
 Mongolia Buriat   20.0
 China Inner Mongolia   19.6
 USA Asian   18.9
 Taiwan Minnan (1)   18.6
 China South Han   17.2
 Georgia Tibilisi Georgian…   17.1
 India Mumbai Marathas   16.7
 Mexico Guadalajara Mestiz…   16.5
 Singapore Riau Malay   16.5
 Croatia   16.0
 India Khandesh Pawra   16.0
 Singapore Javanese Indone…   16.0
 South Africa Natal Tamil   16.0
 India Tamil Nadu Nadar   15.6
 PNG Madang   15.3
 China North Han   15.2
 USA South Texas Hispanics   15.2
 PNG West Schrader Ranges   14.2
 China Guangxi Maonan   13.4
 Mexico Mestizos   13.4
 Georgia Svaneti Svans   13.1
 Romanian   12.7
 Pakistan Burusho   12.5
 USA Hispanic   12.2
 Bulgaria   11.8
 Georgia Tibilisi Kurds   11.7
 India New Delhi   11.4
 Pakistan Sindhi   10.7
 USA Caucasian   10.7
 France South East   10.6
 Pakistan Pathan   10.2
 Cameroon Pygmy Baka   10.0
 Finland   9.4
 Brazil   8.6
 Australia Indig. Kimberly   8.3
 Australia New South Wales   8.2
 Israel Arab Druse   8.0
 Pakistan Baloch   8.0
 Portugal Centre   8.0
 Cameroon Sawa   7.7
 Brazil Terena   7.5
 Ireland South   6.8
 Tunisia   6.7
 Belgium   6.6
 Morocco Berber Nador Meta…   6.2
 Jordan Amman   5.9
 Oman   5.9
 Mexico Mixe Oaxaca   5.7
 Portugal North   5.4
 Sudanese   5.3
 Mexico Sonora Seri   4.5
 Uganda Kampala   4.3
 Thailand   3.9
 Iran Baloch   3.4
 USA African America   2.8
 Kenya   2.1
 Guinea Bissau   1.5
 Czech Republic   1.0
 Kenya Nandi   1.0
Allele frequencies presented, only

A*2402 is a secondary risk factor,[6] alters type 1 diabetes risk,[7][8] and allele associated with thymoma-induced myasthenia gravis.

Haplotypes

HLA A24-B35 haplotype by Cw frequencies
freq Rank in
ref. Population (%) Pop.
[9] Java (Indonesia) 8.0 1 4
[9] S. Amer. Native 6.3 1 3
[9] N. Amer. Native 5.4 1 5
[9] Mexican 4.7 1
[9] Inuit 4.2 1
[9] Brazilian 3.8 1
[9] Austria 3.5 1
[9] Portuguese 3.1 1 3
[9] Yakut 2.9 1
[9] Mongolian 2.7 1
[9] Timor 2.5 1 5
[9] Bharghavas (India) 2.4 1
[9] Greek 2.3 1
[9] Italian 2.2 1
[9] Mongolian 1.9 1
[9] Vietnamese 1.8 1
[9] Japanese 1.6 2
[9] French 1.2 2
1 Cw4. 2 Cw9.

A24-Cw7-B39
A24-Cw10-B60
A24-Cw10-B61
A24-B48

A24-Cw4-B35

This particular haplotype is common across a fairly wide region, possibly the most widely spread A-Cw-B haplotype in humans. Cw4-B35 has a node within the region once referred to as Thracia/Dacia.

A24-Cw*14-B51

HLA A24-CBL-B51 (CBL=1402) haplotype frequencies
freq
ref. Population (%)
[9] Korean 3.5
[9] Iyers 3.4
[9] Mongolian 2.9
[9] Japanese 2.6
[9] Romanian 2.2
[9] Greek 2.1
[9] Hungarian 2.0
[9] Italian 0.6

References

  1. ^ Arce-Gomez B, Jones EA, Barnstable CJ, Solomon E, Bodmer WF (February 1978). "The genetic control of HLA-A and B antigens in somatic cell hybrids: requirement for beta2 microglobulin". Tissue Antigens 11 (2): 96–112. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1978.tb01233.x. PMID 77067. 
  2. ^ Allele Query Form IMGT/HLA - European Bioinformatics Institute
  3. ^ Machens A, Löliger C, Pichlmeier U, Emskötter T, Busch C, Izbicki J (1999). "Correlation of thymic pathology with HLA in myasthenia gravis.". Clin Immunol 91 (3): 296–301. doi:10.1006/clim.1999.4710. PMID 10370374. 
  4. ^ Numano F, Sasazuki T, Koyama T, Shimokado K, Takeda Y, Nishimura Y, Mutoh M (1986). "HLA in Buerger's disease.". Exp Clin Immunogenet 3 (4): 195–200. PMID 3274054. 
  5. ^ Middleton D, Menchaca L, Rood H, Komerofsky R (2003). "New allele frequency database: http://www.allelefrequencies.net". Tissue Antigens 61 (5): 403–7. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0039.2003.00062.x. PMID 12753660. 
  6. ^ de Juan M, Reta A, Belzunegui J, Figueroa M, Maruri N, Cuadrado E (2004). "HLA-A*2402 and a microsatellite (D6S248) are secondary independent susceptibility markers to ankylosing spondylitis in Basque patients.". Hum Immunol 65 (2): 175–80. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2003.11.006. PMID 14969772. 
  7. ^ Noble J, Valdes A, Bugawan T, Apple R, Thomson G, Erlich H (2002). "The HLA class I A locus affects susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.". Hum Immunol 63 (8): 657–64. doi:10.1016/S0198-8859(02)00421-4. PMID 12121673. 
  8. ^ Nakanishi K, Inoko H (2006). "Combination of HLA-A24, -DQA1*03, and -DR9 Contributes to Acute-Onset and Early Complete {beta}-Cell Destruction in Type 1 Diabetes: Longitudinal Study of Residual {beta}-Cell Function.". Diabetes 55 (6): 1862–8. doi:10.2337/db05-1049. PMID 16731854. 
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Sasazuki, Takehiko; Tsuji, Kimiyoshi; Aizawa, Miki (1992). HLA 1991: proceedings of the eleventh International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference, held in Yokohama, Japan, 6-13 November, 1991. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-262390-7. 

HLA-A · A1 · A2 · A3 · A9 (A23 · A24) · A10 (A25 · A26 · A34 · A43 · A66) · A11 · A19 (A29 · A30 · A31 · A32 · A33 · A74) · A28 (A68 · A69) · A36 · A80