HATNet Project

The Hungarian Automated Telescope Network (HATNet) project is a network of six small fully automated "HAT" telescopes. The scientific goal of the project is to detect and characterize extrasolar planets using the transit method. This network is used also to find and follow bright variable stars. The network is maintained by the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

The HAT acronym stands for Hungarian-made Automated Telescope, because it was developed by a small group of Hungarians who met through the Hungarian Astronomical Association. The project started in 1999 and has been fully operational since May 2001.[1]

Contents

Equipment

The prototype instrument, HAT-1 was built from a 180 mm focal length and 65 mm aperture Nikon telephoto lens and a Kodak KAF-0401E chip of 512 × 768, 9 μm pixels. The test period was from 2000 to 2001 at the Budapest, Konkoly Observatory.[1]

HAT-1 was transported from Budapest to the Steward Observatory, Kitt Peak, Arizona, in January 2001. The transportation caused serious damage to the equipment.[1]

Later built telescopes use Canon 11 cm diameter f/1.8L lenses for a wide-field of 8°×8°. It is a fully automated instrument with 2K x 2K Charge-coupled device (CCD) sensors. One HAT instrument operates at the Wise Observatory.[2][3]

HAT is controlled by a single Linux PC without human supervision. Data are stored in a MySQL database.

HAT-South

From 2009, three other locations joined the HATNet with telescopes of completely new design. The telescopes are deployed to Australia, Namibia and Chile. Each system has eight (2*4) joint-mounted, quasi-parallel Takahashi Epsilon (180 mm diameter, f/2.8) astrographs with Apogee 4k*4k CCDs with overlapping fields of view. The processing computers Xenomai-based industrial PCs with 10 TB of storage. The funding is provided until 2013.

Participants in the project

HAT-1 was developed during the undergraduate (and also the first year graduate) studies of Gáspár Bakos (Eötvös Loránd University) and at Konkoly Observatory (Budapest), under the supervision of Dr. Géza Kovács. In the development József Lázár, István Papp and Pál Sári also played an important role.

Planets discovered

Twenty-nine extrasolar planets have been discovered so far by the HATNet project (note that the discovery of the planet WASP-11b/HAT-P-10b, WASP-40b/HAT-P-27b and WASP-51b/HAT-P-30b was simultaneously announced by the SuperWASP team). All have been discovered using the transit method. In addition, the radial velocity followup has detected an additional companion, either a massive planet or a small brown dwarf around the star HAT-P-13, making this the first known transiting planet in a system with an outer companion in a well-characterised orbit.[4]

Star Constellation Right
ascension		 Declination App.
mag.		 Distance (ly) Spectral
type		 Planet Mass
(MJ)		 Radius
(RJ)		 Orbital
period
(d)		 Semimajor
axis
(AU)		 Orbital
eccentricity		 Inclination
(°)		 Discovery
year		 Ref
ADS 16402 B Lacerta 22h 57m 47s +38° 40′ 30″ 10.4 453 G0V HAT-P-1b 0.524 1.225 4.4652934 0.0553 <0.067 86.28 2006 [5][6]
HD 147506 Hercules 16h 20m 36s +41° 02′ 53″ 8.71 440 F8 HAT-P-2b 8.65 0.951 5.63341 0.0677 0.5163 90 2007
GSC 03466-00819 Ursa Major 13h 44m 23s +48° 01′ 43″ 11.86 457 K HAT-P-3b 0.599 0.890 2.899703 0.03894 0 87.24 2007
BD+36°2593 Boötes 15h 19m 58s +36° 13′ 47″ 11.2 1010 F HAT-P-4b 0.68 1.27 3.056536 0.0446 0 89.9 2007
GSC 02634-01087 Lyra 18h 17m 37s +36° 37′ 16″ 12 1110 G HAT-P-5b 1.06 1.26 2.788491 0.04075 0 86.75 2007
GSC 03239-00992 Andromeda 23h 39m 06s +42° 27′ 58″ 10.5 650 F HAT-P-6b 1.057 1.33 3.852985 0.05235 0 85.51 2007
GSC 03547-01402 Cygnus 19h 28m 59s +47° 58′ 10″ 10.5 1044 F8 HAT-P-7b 1.776 1.363 2.2047299 0.0377 0 85.7 2008
GSC 02757-01152 Pegasus 22h 52m 10s +35° 26′ 50″ 10.17 750 F HAT-P-8b 1.52 1.5 3.07632 0.0487 0 87.5 2008
HAT-P-9 Auriga 07h 20m 40s +37° 08′ 26″ 12.34 1560 F HAT-P-9b 0.78 1.4 3.92289 0.053 0 86.5 2008
WASP-11/HAT-P-10 Perseus 03h 09m 29s +30° 40′ 25″ 11.89 408 K3V WASP-11b/HAT-P-10b 0.460 1.045 3.7224690 0.0439 0 88.5 2008
GSC 03561-02092 Cygnus 19h 50m 50s +48° 04′ 51″ 9.59 123.5 K4 HAT-P-11b 0.081 0.422 4.8878162 0.053 0.198 88.5 2009
HAT-P-12 Canes Venatici 13h 57m 34s +43° 29′ 37″ 12.84 465 K4 HAT-P-12b 0.211 0.959 3.2130598 0.0384 0 89.0 2009 [7]
GSC 3416-00543 Ursa Major 08h 39m 31s +47° 21′ 07″ 10.429 698 G4 HAT-P-13b 0.851 1.28 2.9162595 0.0426 0.021 83.4 2009 [4]
GSC 3416-00543 Ursa Major 08h 39m 31s +47° 21′ 07″ 10.429 698 G4 HAT-P-13c >15.2 428.5 1.186 0.691 2009 [4]
GSC 3086-00152 Hercules 17h 20m 28s +38° 14′ 32″ 9.98 670 F HAT-P-14b 1.386 1.468 4.6267669 0.0606 0.107 83.5 2010
GSC 2883-01687 Perseus 04h 25m 33.65s +39° 20′ 44.2″ 12.16 190 G5 HAT-P-15 b 1.946 1.072 10.863502 0.0964 0.19 89.1 2010
GSC 2792-01700 Andromeda 00h 38m 17.56s +42° 27′ 47.2″ 10.8 235 F8 HAT-P-16 b 4.193 1.289 2.77596 0.0413 0.036 86.6 2010
HAT-P-17 Cygnus 21h 38m 09s +30° 29′ 19″ 10.54 293.5 K HAT-P-17 b 0.53 1.01 10.338523 0.0882 0.346 89.2 2010 [8]
HAT-P-17 Cygnus 21h 38m 09s +30° 29′ 19″ 10.54 293.5 K HAT-P-17 c 1.4 1797 2.75 0.1 2010 [8]
HAT-P-18 Hercules 17h 05m 24s +33° 00′ 45″ 12.76 541 K HAT-P-18 b 0.197 0.995 5.508023 0.0559 0.084 88.8 2010 The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
HAT-P-19 Andromeda 00h 38m 04s +34° 42′ 42″ 12.9 701 K HAT-P-19 b 0.292 1.132 4.008778 0.0466 0.067 88.2 2010 The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
HAT-P-20 Gemini 07h 27m 40s +24° 20′ 11″ 11.34 228 K7 HAT-P-20 b 7.246 0.867 2.875317 0.0361 0.015 86.8 2010 The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
HAT-P-21 Ursa Major 11h 25m 06s +41° 01′ 41″ 11.46 228 G3 HAT-P-21 b 4.063 1.024 4.124461 0.0494 0.228 87.2 2010 The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
HAT-P-22 Ursa Major 10h 22m 44s +50° 07′ 42″ 9.73 267 G5 HAT-P-22 b 2.147 1.08 3.21222 0.0414 0.016 86.9 2010 The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
HAT-P-23 Delphinus 20h 24m 30s +16° 45′ 44″ 11.94 1282 G5 HAT-P-23 b 2.09 1.368 1.212884 0.0232 0.106 85.1 2010 The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
HAT-P-24 Gemini 07h 15m 18s +14° 15′ 44″ 11.818 998 F8 HAT-P-24 b 0.681 1.243 3.3552464 0.0465 0.067 88.6 2010 [9]
HAT-P-25 Aries 03h 13m 45s +25° 11′ 51″ 13.19 969 G5 HAT-P-25 b 0.567 1.19 3.652836 0.0466 0.032 87.6 2010 [10]
HAT-P-26 Virgo 14h 12m 37.55s +04° 03′ 36.13″ 11.74 437 K1 HAT-P-26 b 0.059 0.565 4.234516 0.0479 0.124 88.6 2010 The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
WASP-40/HAT-P-27 Virgo 14h 51m 04s +05° 56′ 50″ 12.21 665 G8 WASP-40b/HAT-P-27b 0.66 1.038 3.039586 0.0403 0.078 84.7 2011 The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
HAT-P-28 Andromeda 00h 52m 00s +34° 43′ 42″ 13.03 1288 G3 HAT-P-28 b 0.626 1.212 3.257215 0.0434 0.051 88 2011 The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
HAT-P-29 Perseus 02h 12m 31s +51° 46′ 44″ 11.9 1050 F8 HAT-P-29 b 0.778 1.107 5.72318 0.0667 0.095 87.1 2011 The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
WASP-51/HAT-P-30 Draco 08h 15m 48s +05° 50′ 12″ 10.42 629 F WASP-51b/HAT-P-30b 0.711 1.34 2.810595 0.0419 0.035 83.6 2011 The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
HAT-P-31 Cancer 08h 06m 09s +26° 25′ 36″ 11.66 1155 HAT-P-31 b 2.171 1.07 5.005425 0.055 0.245 87.1 2011 The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
HAT-P-32 Andromeda 02h 01m 10s +46° 41′ 16″ 11.29 1044 F/G HAT-P-32 b 0.941 2.037 2.150009 0.0344 0.163 88.7 2011 The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
HAT-P-33 Gemini 07h 32m 44s +33° 50′ 06″ 11.89 1367 F HAT-P-33 b 0.763 1.827 3.474474 0.0503 0.148 86.7 2011 The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia

See also

A subset of HATNet light curves are available at the NASA Star and Exoplanet Database.

Other extrasolar planet search projects

Extrasolar planet searching spacecraft

References

  1. ^ a b c Bakos et al.; Lázár, J.; Papp, I.; Sári, P.; Green, E. M. (September 2002). "System Description and First Light Curves of the Hungarian Automated Telescope, an Autonomous Observatory for Variability Search". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 114 (799): 974–987. arXiv:astro-ph/0206001. Bibcode 2002PASP..114..974B. doi:10.1086/342382. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/342382. 
  2. ^ G. Bakos et al. (March 2004). "Wide-field millimagnitude photometry with the HAT: a tool for extrasolar planet detection". He Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 116 (817): 266–277. arXiv:astro-ph/0401219. Bibcode 2004PASP..116..266B. doi:10.1086/382735. http://www.iop.org/EJ/ref/-prog=article/-target=inspec/1538-3881/128/4/1761/4. 
  3. ^ HARTMAN et al.; Bakos, G.; Stanek, K. Z.; Noyes, R. W. (October 2004). "HATNET Variability Survey in the High Stellar Density "Kepler Field" with Millimagnitude Image Subtraction Photometry". The Astronomical Journal 128 (4): 1761–1783. arXiv:astro-ph/0405597. Bibcode 2004AJ....128.1761H. doi:10.1086/423920. http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1538-3881/128/4/1761/204218.text.html. 
  4. ^ a b c G. A. Bakos; A. W. Howard; R. W. Noyes; J. Hartman; G. Torres; Geza Kovacs; D. A. Fischer; D. W. Latham; J. A. Johnson; G. W. Marcy; D. D. Sasselov; R. P. Stefanik; B. Sipocz; Gabor Kovacs; G. A. Esquerd; A. Pal; J. Lazar; I. Papp (2009). "HAT-P-13b,c: a transiting hot Jupiter with a massive outer companion on an eccentric orbit". arXiv:0907.3525 [astro-ph]. 
  5. ^ Bakos, G. Á.; Noyes, R. W.; Kovács, G.; Latham, D. W.; Sasselov, D. D.; Torres, G.; Fischer, D. A.; Stefanik, R. P.; Sato, B.; Johnson, J. A.; Pál, A.; Marcy, G. W.; Butler, R. P.; Esquerdo, G. A.; Stanek, K. Z.; Lázár, J.; Papp, I.; Sári, P.; Sipőcz, B. (2007). "HAT-P-1b: A Large-Radius, Low-Density Exoplanet Transiting One Member of a Stellar Binary". The Astrophysical Journal 656 (1): 552–559. arXiv:astro-ph/0609369. Bibcode 2007ApJ...656..552B. doi:10.1086/509874. http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/0004-637X/656/1/552/70075.html. 
  6. ^ Johnson, John Asher; Winn, Joshua N.; Narita, Norio; Enya, Keigo; Williams, Peter K. G.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Sato, Bun'ei; Ohta, Yasuhiro; Taruya, Atsushi; Suto, Yasushi; Turner, Edwin L.; Bakos, Gaspar; Butler, R. Paul; Vogt, Steven S.; Aoki, Wako; Tamura, Motohide; Yamada, Toru; Yoshii, Yuzuru; Hidas, Marton (2008). "Measurement of the Spin-Orbit Angle of Exoplanet HAT-P-1b". The Astrophysical Journal 686 (1): 649–657. Bibcode 2008ApJ...686..649J. doi:10.1086/591078. 
  7. ^ J. D. Hartman; G. Á. Bakos; G. Torre; Géza Kovács; R. W. Noyes; A. Pál; D. W. Latham; B. Sipöcz; D. A. Fischer; J. A. Johnson; G. W. Marcy; R. P. Butler; A. W. Howard; G. A. Esquerdo; D. D. Sasselov; Gábor Kovács; R. P. Stefanik; J. M. Fernandez; J. Lázár; I. Papp; P. Sári (2009). "HAT-P-12b: A Low-Density Sub-Saturn Mass Planet Transiting a Metal-Poor K Dwarf". arXiv:0904.4704 [astro-ph]. 
  8. ^ a b A. W. Howard, G. Á. Bakos, J. Hartman, G. Torres, A. Shporer, T. Mazeh, Geza Kovacs, D. W. Latham, R. W. Noyes, D. A. Fischer, J. A. Johnson, G. W. Marcy, G. A. Esquerdo, B. Béky, R. P. Butler, D. D. Sasselov, R. P. Stefanik, G. Perumpilly, J. Lázár, I. Papp, P. Sári (2010). "HAT-P-17b,c: A Transiting, Eccentric, Hot Saturn and a Long-period, Cold Jupiter". arXiv:1008.3898 [astro-ph]. 
  9. ^ D. M. Kipping, G. A. Bakos, J. Hartman, G. Torres, A. Shporer, D. W. Latham, Geza Kovacs, R. W. Noyes, A. W. Howard, D. A. Fischer, J. A. Johnson, G. W. Marcy, B. Beky, G. Perumpilly, G. A. Esquerdo, D. D. Sasselov, R. P. Stefanik, J. Lazar, I. Papp, P. Sari (2010). "HAT-P-24b: An inflated hot-Jupiter on a 3.36d period transiting a hot, metal-poor star". arXiv:1008.3389 [astro-ph]. 
  10. ^ S. N. Quinn, G. Á. Bakos, J. Hartman, G. Torres, G. Kovács, D. W. Latham, R. W. Noyes, D. A. Fischer, J. A. Johnson, G. W. Marcy, A. W. Howard, A. Szentgyorgyi, G. Fürész, L. A. Buchhave, B. Béky, D. D. Sasselov, R. P. Stefanik, G. Perumpilly, M. Everett, J. Lázár, I. Papp, P. Sári (2010). "HAT-P-25b: a Hot-Jupiter Transiting a Moderately Faint G Star". arXiv:1008.3565 [astro-ph]. 

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