| Green Cape Lighthouse | |
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| Location | Green Cape, New South Wales, Australia |
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| Coordinates | |
| Year first lit | 1883 |
| Deactivated | 1992 |
| Construction | Concrete |
| Tower shape | Square pyramidal base with octagonal tower |
| Markings / pattern | White |
| Height | 29 metres (95 ft) |
| Focal height | |
| Original lens | 1st order Fresnel lens |
| Intensity | 1,000,000 cd |
| Range | 40 kilometres (25 mi) |
| Characteristic | two white flashes every 10s |
| ARLHS number | AUS-085 |
The Green Cape Lighthouse is a lighthouse located at the tip of Green Cape, a headland forming the northern boundary of Disaster Bay, in southern New South Wales, Australia. It is the southernmost lighthouse in New South Wales and Australia's first lighthouse built in concrete. At 29 metres (95 ft) it is also the second tallest lighthouse in New South Wales.[1] It marks Green Cape on the northerly shore hugging sailing course.
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The need for lighthouse was approved in 1873, following a series of wrecks on the southern shore. After rounding Cape Howe, northerly ships would hug the shore to avoid the East Australian Current. Green Cape was the first major projection they would encounter. Original tenders were for a stone lighthouse and rubble quarters. However, with the soft local sedimentary, no one tendered. In 1870 the specifications were changed to concrete and a budget of £17,000 AUD was set.
The tower was designed by James Barnet in 1880[2] and the contract was awarded to Albert Aspinall who quoted £12,936 in December 1880. The tender was for the concrete tower, two houses of double brick with cement render, and associated structures.
Aspinall first had to find a way to move the materials from Eden to the site. The nearest safe anchorage was in Bittangabee Bay, north along the coast from Green Cape, where built his storeroom and jetty. He then spent five months building a 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) wooden tramway from Bittangabee Bay to the cape. Materials were transported to the site on wooden trolleys pulled by horses. This first phase was complete in June 1881, and Aspinall commenced the construction.
Major problems were encountered when the site was found to lay on a 6 metres (20 ft)[3] white clay belt, forcing the foundation to be dug to 9 metres (30 ft). Work stopped in June 1883 due to financial difficulties, and Aspinall's creditors completed the project, which was lit on 1 November 1883.
The original apparatus, still mounted in the lantern, is a Chance Bros. 1st order revolving Fresnel lens dioptric. It's light characteristic was one flash every 50 seconds[4] and it was visible to 19 nautical miles (35 km; 22 mi).[5] The light source was a four-wick kerosene-burning lamp with an intensity of 100,000 cd.
In 1910 the light source was replaced with a Douglas vaporised kerosene burner and a glass chimney around a silk mantle, made by Chance Bros.
In 1913 it was recommended to change the light characteristic to a white flash every 10 seconds. However, it took 16 years until this recommendation was accepted, in 1926. Previous to that, in 1923, light source was upgraded to a Ford Schmidt burner which increased the intensity of the light to 327,000 cd.
In 1962 the tower was electrified with diesel generators serving as the power source. The manual winding system was also replaced with an electric motor. The lightglove used provided a light intensity of 475,000 cd. In 1967 improved generators were installed together with a 1000 W Tungsten-halogen lamp with an intensity of 1,000,00 cd, visible over 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi). The light characteristic was changed to two flashes every ten seconds. At some later point the power source was changed to the mains electricity.
| Green Cape Light. The current light is the skeletal tower to the right of the original tower. | |
| Location | Green Cape, New South Wales, Australia |
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| Year first constructed | 1992 |
| Construction | skeletal |
| Tower shape | square |
| Height | 49 feet (15 m)[6] |
| Focal height | |
| Intensity | 37,500 cd |
| Range | 17 nautical miles (31 km; 20 mi) |
| Characteristic | two white flashes every 15s |
| Admiralty number | K2570 |
| NGA number | 6588 |
| ARLHS number | AUS-260 |
In 1992[8] a solar powered lens on a modern lattice skeletal steel tower was constructed right next to the historic tower, and the light was officially turned off in 17 March 1992. The new light operates a 36 W lamp with an intensity of 37,500 cd.
In February 2011, the lighthouse was recognised as an "Engineering Heritage National Landmark" by Engineers Australia.[9]
The original tower is built of concrete, and at the time it was the largest mass concrete structure in New South Wales. The form, octagonal on a square base, was chosen to ease the construction of the formwork.
The tower has a bluestone gallery. A small room is attached to the western side, originally meant to be an oil store.
The current light is operated by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority. The site is managed by the Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water as part of the Ben Boyd National Park.
The grounds are open to the public, and the tower is open to guided tours on some days of the week. Reservations for the guided tours are recommended. Accommodations are available in the two assistant keepers' cottages which sleep up to six people each.
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