Germany–Uruguay relations
Germany–Uruguay relations are foreign relations between Germany and Uruguay. Germany has an embassy in Montevideo. Uruguay has an embassy in Berlin, a general consulate in Hamburg and 6 honorary consulate (in Bremen, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt am Main, Munich, Potsdam and Stuttgart). Germany is Uruguay's principal trading partner in the European Union.[1]
Migration
Starting in the 1850s German immigrants have made an important contribution to the development of Uruguay.[1] Uruguay offered asylum to German Jews starting in 1935.[1][2] Mennonite communities emigrated from Germany to Uruguay after World War II, starting in 1948.[1][3][4]
Cultural
There is a Goethe Institute in Uruguay. The German School of Montevideo, is a German binational school that opened in 1857. There is a joint Uruguay Germany university-entrance examination which qualifies takers for university in both countries. A German-language school is run by the Mennonites. A cultural cooperation accord was signed on 8 May 1989.[1]
Trade
Exports to Germany from Uruguay were worth EUR 205 million and Uruguayan imports from Germany were EUR 133 million in 2009. Germany is the country’s principal trading partner in the European Union. Germany is fifth overall among export countries to Uruguay, after Brazil, the USA, Argentina and Mexico. Germany is seventh on the list of import countries, after Brazil, Argentina, the USA, China, Venezuela and Russia. Uruguay is 84th among suppliers of German imports and 108th among buyers of German exports.[1]
Political foundations
The Friedrich Ebert Foundation and the Konrad Adenauer Foundation have representation in Montevideo. Other German foundations include the Friedrich Naumann Foundation, Heinrich Böll Foundation and the Rosa Luxemburg Foundation.[1]
War
During World War I, Uruguay sided against Germany and broke off diplomatic relations.[5][6]
On December 13, 1939 the Battle of the River Plate took place off the coast of Uruguay where British forces sunk the German Graf Spee. Most of the Graf Spee’s surviving crew of 1,150 were interned in Uruguay and Argentina and many remained after the war. A German Embassy official in Uruguay said his government has sent an official letter stating its position as to whether Germany claims ownership of the vessel. The German claim would be invalid because early in 1940 the Nazi government sold salvaging rights to the vessel to a Uruguayan businessman who was acting on behalf of the British government. However, any salvaging rights would have expired under Uruguayan law.[7]
By 1940 Germany had threatened to break of diplomatic relations with Uruguay.[8]
Nazi Germany protested that Uruguay gave safe harbor to the Carnarvon Castle after it was attacked by a Nazi raider.[9] The ship was repaired with steel plate reportedly salvaged from the Graf Spee.[10]
On January 25, 1942 Uruguay broke diplomatic relations with Nazi Germany.[11][12]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g "Uruguay". German Foreign Office. http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/en/Laenderinformationen/01-Laender/Uruguay.html. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
- ^ "Latin Nations Open Doors". Chicago Tribune. 1938. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/493351432.html?dids=493351432:493351432&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&date=Jul+10%2C+1938&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=LATIN+NATIONS+OFFER+TO+OPEN+DOORS+FOR+JEWS+FROM+GERMANY&pqatl=google. Retrieved 2009-05-22.
- ^ "Uruguay". Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/U76.html. Retrieved 2009-05-23. "The settlement of Mennonites in Uruguay began in 1948 after the Mennonites from West Prussia had been displaced during the gigantic population upheaval there during and following World War II. ... In October 1951 a second contingent of 431 Danzig refugees landed at Montevideo to boost the total Mennonite population in Uruguay to almost 1,200."
- ^ "Elfrieda Dyck, 87, Mennonite Who Helped Thousands Resettle". New York Times. September 5, 2004. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F07E1D91131F936A3575AC0A9629C8B63. Retrieved 2009-05-26. "In 1947 and 1948, Ms. Dyck, who had been in charge of a 1,200-person refugee camp in Berlin, led more than 5,500 Mennonites in four ships to South America. Most went to Paraguay, but some also went to Brazil and Uruguay. Other refugees found their way to Canada or the United States, and some remained in Western Europe."
- ^ "German Official Uruguay Breaks Off Relations.". The Evening Independent. 1917. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=u28LAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5VMDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2992,2942324&dq=german+in+uruguay. Retrieved 2009-05-22.
- ^ "Three More Nations Near War on Kaiser". Chicago Tribune. 1918. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/370043842.html?dids=370043842:370043842&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&date=Apr+24%2C+1918&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=THREE+MORE+NATIONS+NEAR+WAR+ON+KAISER&pqatl=google. Retrieved 2009-05-22. "Holland, Argentina, and Uruguay on the Verge."
- ^ Rohter, Larry (2006-08-25). "A Swastika, 60 Years Submerged, Still Inflames Debate". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/25/world/americas/25ship.html?_r=1&pagewanted=1&oref=slogin. Retrieved 2008-05-19. "For more than 60 years, the scuttled wreck of the Graf Spee rested undisturbed in 65 feet of murky water just outside the harbor here. But now that fragments of the vessel, once the pride of the Nazi fleet, are being recovered, a new battle has broken out over who owns those spoils and what should be done with them."
- ^ "Minister Ready to Ask for His Passports if Any Local Nazi Leaders Are Deported". New York Times. June 20, 1940. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30E16FC395A11728DDDA90A94DE405B8088F1D3. Retrieved 2009-05-22. "Germany has now begun to exert tremendous political and economic pressure on the Uruguayan Government to halt what Berlin calls an unfriendly anti-German campaign here. The Reich has threatened to break off diplomatic relations if any Nazi leaders are deported."
- ^ White, John W. (December 10, 1940). "Nazis Protest Aid to Raider's Victim. Object in Uruguay to Giving Carnarvon Castle 72 Hours to Mend Battle Scars". New York Times. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30715FE3458127A93C2A81789D95F448485F9. Retrieved 2009-05-22. "The German Government, through its Minister in Montevideo, Otto Langmann, made a formal diplomatic protest this afternoon against..."
- ^ "Search For Raider". New York Times. December 9, 1940. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70C15F7355A167A93CBA91789D95F448485F9. Retrieved 2009-05-22. "The British auxiliary cruiser Carnarvon Castle, hit twenty-two times in a battle with a German sea raider, was being repaired tonight with steel plates reportedly taken from the scuttled German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee."
- ^ Hulen, Bertram D. (January 22, 1942). "Actual Rupture Is Left to Congress of Each Signatory". New York Times. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20913F63C5D167B93C0AB178AD85F468485F9. Retrieved 2009-05-22. "Unanimous agreement by the twenty-one American republics on a resolution for severance of relations with the Axis powers was reached late today at a three-hour consultation in the office of Foreign Minister Oswaldo Aranha of Brazil, who is chairman of the Inter-American Conference."
- ^ "Uruguay, Peru Break Relations with Axis". Chicago Tribune. January 25, 1942. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/473028942.html?dids=473028942:473028942&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&date=Jan+25%2C+1942&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=URUGUAY%2C+PERU+BREAK+RELATIONS+WITH+THE+AXIS&pqatl=google. Retrieved 2009-05-22. "Uruguay and Peru severed diplomatic relations tonight with Germany, Italy, and Japan. putting into swift effect terms of a compromise anti-axis agreement ..."
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