Galaxy (computational biology)
Galaxy[1][2][3] is a scientific workflow, data integration[4][5], and data and analysis persistence and publishing platform that aims to make computational biology accessible to research scientists that do not have computer programming experience. Although it was initially developed for genomics research, it is largely domain agnostic and is now used as a general bioinformatics workflow management system.[6]
Functionality
Galaxy is a scientific workflow system. These systems provide a means to build multi-step computational analyses akin to a recipe. They typically provide a graphical user interface[7] for specifying what data to operate on, what steps to take, and what order to do them in.
Galaxy is also a data integration platform for biological data. It supports data uploads from the user's computer, by URL, and from many online resources (such as the UCSC Genome Browser, BioMart and InterMine).
Galaxy supports a range of widely used biological data formats, and translation between those formats. Galaxy provides a web interface to many text manipulation utilities, enabling researchers to do their own custom reformatting and manipulation without having to do any programming.
Galaxy includes interval manipulation utilities for doing set theoretic operations (e.g. intersection, union, ...) on intervals. Many biological file formats include genomic interval data (a frame of reference, e.g., chromosome or contig name, and start and stop positions), allowing these data to be integrated.
Finally, Galaxy is also supports data and analysis persistence and publishing. See Reproducibility and Transparency below.
Project Goals
Galaxy is "an open, web-based platform for performing accessible, reproducible, and transparent genomic science."[8]
Accessibility
Computational biology is a specialized domain that often requires knowledge of computer programming. Galaxy aims to give biomedical researchers access to computational biology without also requiring them to understand computer programming.[9][10] Galaxy does this by stressing a simple user interface[11] over the ability to build complex workflows. This design choice makes it relatively easy to build typical analyses, but more difficult to build complex workflows that include, for example, looping constructs. (See Taverna workbench for an example system that supports looping.)
Reproducibility
Reproducibility is a key goal of science: When scientific results are published the publications should include enough information that others can repeat the experiment and get the same results. There have been many recent efforts to extend this goal from the bench (the "wet lab") to computational experiments (the "dry lab") as well. This has proved to be a more difficult task than initially expected.[12]
Galaxy supports reproducibility by capturing sufficient information about every step in a computational analysis, so that the analysis can be repeated, exactly, at any point in the future. This includes keeping track of all input, intermediate, and final datasets, as well as the parameters provided to, and the order of each step of the analysis.
Transparency
Galaxy supports transparency in scientific research by enabling researchers to share any of their Galaxy Objects either publicly, or with specific individuals. Shared items can be examined in detail, rerun at will and copied and modified to test hypotheses.
Galaxy Objects: Histories Workflows, Datasets and Pages
Galaxy objects are anything that can be saved, persisted, and shared in Galaxy:
- Histories
- Histories are computational analyses (recipes) run with specified input datasets, computational steps and parameters. Histories include all intermediate and output datasets as well.
- Workflows
- Workflows are computational analyses that specify all the steps (and parameters) in the analysis, but none of the data. Workflows are used to run the same analysis against multiple sets of input data.
- Datasets
- Datasets includes any input, intermediate, or output dataset, used or produced in an analysis.
- Pages
- Histories, workflows and datasets can include user-provided annotation. Galaxy Pages enables the creation of a virtual paper that describes the how and why of the overall experiment. Tight integration of Pages with Histories, Workflows, and Datasets supports this goal.
Availability
Galaxy is available:
- As a free public web server,[13] supported by the Galaxy Project.[14]. This server includes many bioinformatics tools that are widely useful in many areas of genomics research. Users can create logins, and save histories, workflows, and datasets on the server. These saved items can also be shared with others.
- As open-source software that can be downloaded, installed and customized to address specific needs.[15]. Galaxy can be installed locally or using a computing cloud.[16]
- Public web servers hosted by other organizations.[17] Several organizations with their own Galaxy installation have also opted to make those servers available to others.
Implementation
Galaxy is open-source software implemented using the Python programming language. It is developed by the Galaxy team[18] at Penn State and Emory University, and the Galaxy Community.[19]
Galaxy is an open source project and the community includes users, organizations that install their own instance, Galaxy developers, and bioinformatics tool developers. The Galaxy project has mailing lists[20], a community wiki[21], and annual meetings.[22].
See Also
External Links
References
- ^ Goecks, J.; Nekrutenko, A.; Taylor, J.; Galaxy Team, T. (2010). "Galaxy: A comprehensive approach for supporting accessible, reproducible, and transparent computational research in the life sciences". Genome Biology 11 (8): R86. doi:10.1186/gb-2010-11-8-r86. PMC 2945788. PMID 20738864. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2945788. edit
- ^ Blankenberg, D.; Kuster, G. V.; Coraor, N.; Ananda, G.; Lazarus, R.; Mangan, M.; Nekrutenko, A.; Taylor, J. (2010). Galaxy: A Web-Based Genome Analysis Tool for Experimentalists. "Current Protocols in Molecular Biology". Current protocols in molecular biology / edited by Frederick M. Ausubel ... [et al.] Chapter 19: Unit Un19.10.Un19–21. doi:10.1002/0471142727.mb1910s89. ISBN 0471142727. PMID 20069535. edit
- ^ Taylor, J.; Schenck, I.; Blankenberg, D.; Nekrutenko, A. (2007). Using Galaxy to Perform Large-Scale Interactive Data Analyses. "Current Protocols in Bioinformatics". Current protocols in bioinformatics / editoral board, Andreas D. Baxevanis ... [et al.] Chapter 10: Unit Un10.5. doi:10.1002/0471250953.bi1005s19. ISBN 0471250953. PMID 18428782. edit
- ^ Blankenberg, D.; Coraor, N.; Von Kuster, G.; Taylor, J.; Nekrutenko, A.; Galaxy, T. (2011). "Integrating diverse databases into an unified analysis framework: A Galaxy approach". Database 2011: bar011. doi:10.1093/database/bar011. PMC 3092608. PMID 21531983. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3092608. edit
- ^ Blankenberg, D.; Gordon, A.; Von Kuster, G.; Coraor, N.; Taylor, J.; Nekrutenko, A.; Galaxy, T. (2010). "Manipulation of FASTQ data with Galaxy". Bioinformatics 26 (14): 1783–1785. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq281. PMC 2894519. PMID 20562416. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2894519. edit
- ^ http://galaxyproject.org/wiki/Public%20Galaxy%20Servers
- ^ Schatz, M. C. (2010). "The missing graphical user interface for genomics". Genome Biology 11 (8): 128–201. doi:10.1186/gb-2010-11-8-128. PMC 2945776. PMID 20804568. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2945776. edit
- ^ Goecks, J.; Nekrutenko, A.; Taylor, J.; Galaxy Team, T. (2010). "Galaxy: A comprehensive approach for supporting accessible, reproducible, and transparent computational research in the life sciences". Genome Biology 11 (8): R86. doi:10.1186/gb-2010-11-8-r86. PMC 2945788. PMID 20738864. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2945788. edit
- ^ Blankenberg, D.; Taylor, J.; Nekrutenko, A.; The Galaxy, T. (2011). "Making whole genome multiple alignments usable for biologists". Bioinformatics. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btr398. PMID 21775304. edit
- ^ Blankenberg, D.; Taylor, J.; Schenck, I.; He, J.; Zhang, Y.; Ghent, M.; Veeraraghavan, N.; Albert, I. et al. (2007). "A framework for collaborative analysis of ENCODE data: Making large-scale analyses biologist-friendly". Genome Research 17 (6): 960–964. doi:10.1101/gr.5578007. PMC 1891355. PMID 17568012. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1891355. edit
- ^ Schatz, M. C. (2010). "The missing graphical user interface for genomics". Genome Biology 11 (8): 128–201. doi:10.1186/gb-2010-11-8-128. PMC 2945776. PMID 20804568. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2945776. edit
- ^ Ioannidis, J. P. A.; Allison, D. B.; Ball, C. A.; Coulibaly, I.; Cui, X.; Culhane, A. N. C.; Falchi, M.; Furlanello, C. et al. (2008). "Repeatability of published microarray gene expression analyses". Nature Genetics 41 (2): 149–155. doi:10.1038/ng.295. PMID 19174838. edit
- ^ http://usegalaxy.org/
- ^ http://galaxyproject.org/
- ^ http://getgalaxy.org/
- ^ Afgan, E.; Baker, D.; Coraor, N.; Chapman, B.; Nekrutenko, A.; Taylor, J. (2010). "Galaxy CloudMan: Delivering cloud compute clusters". BMC Bioinformatics 11: S4. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-11-S12-S4. PMC 3040530. PMID 21210983. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3040530. edit
- ^ http://galaxyproject.org/wiki/Public%20Galaxy%20Servers
- ^ http://galaxyproject.org/wiki/Galaxy%20Team
- ^ Lazarus, R.; Taylor, J.; Qiu, W.; Nekrutenko, A. (2008). "Toward the commoditization of translational genomic research: Design and implementation features of the Galaxy genomic workbench". Summit on translational bioinformatics 2008: 56–60. PMC 3041519. PMID 21347127. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3041519. edit
- ^ http://galaxyproject.org/wiki/Mailing%20Lists
- ^ http://galaxyproject.org/wiki
- ^ http://galaxyproject.org/wiki/Events