gamma-Valerolactone

gamma-Valerolactone[1]
IUPAC name

5-Methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
Other names

4-Pentanolide,
4-Valerolactone,
4-Pentalactone,
4-Hydroxypentanoic acid lactone
Identifiers
CAS number 108-29-2 Y
PubChem 7921
ChemSpider 7633 Y
UNII O7056XK37X Y
ChEBI CHEBI:48569 Y
ChEMBL CHEMBL195593 Y
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Properties
Molecular formula C5H8O2
Molar mass 100.116
Appearance colorless liquid
Density 1.0465 g/mL
Melting point

-31 °C, 242 K, -24 °F
Boiling point

207–208 °C
Solubility in water >=100 mg/mL
 Y (verify) (what is: Y/N?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

gamma-Valerolactone is an organic compound with the formula C5H8O2. This clear liquid is one of the more common lactones. It is a structural isomer of delta-valerolactone. Because of its herbal odor, it is used in the perfume and flavor industries.[2]

Potential applications

gamma-Valerolactone is a promising "green" liquid fuel. Levulinic acid, a derivative of glucose and other sugars, can be cyclized and the product hydrogenated to give gamma-valerolactone, and the product has potential applications as a liquid fuel.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ NIH National Toxicology Program
  2. ^ GoodScentsCompany.com
  3. ^ Huber, George W.; Iborra, Sara; Corma, Avelino (2006). "Synthesis of Transportation Fuels from Biomass: Chemistry, Catalysts, and Engineering". Chemical Reviews 106: 4044–4098. doi:10.1021/cr068360d. 
Antihistamines
H1R inverse agonists
Others
Antipsychotics
Mixed MOA
Channel Blockers
Dissociatives
NMDAR Antagonists
Others
Dexoxadrol • Dizocilpine (MK-801) • Etoxadrol • Nitrous Oxide • Selfotel • Xenon ...
GABAergics
Others
Glycinergics
Narcotics
MOR Agonists
Sympatholytics
α/β-AR Modulators
Others
Miscellaneous
GABAA Agonists/PAMs
Barbiturates: Allobarbital • Amobarbital • Aprobarbital • Barbital • Butabarbital • Butobarbital • Cyclobarbital • Ethallobarbital • Heptabarb • Hexobarbital • Mephobarbital • Methohexital • Pentobarbital • Phenobarbital • Proxibarbal • Reposal • Secobarbital • Talbutal • Thiamylal • Thiopental • Vinbarbital • Vinylbital
Benzodiazepines: Brotizolam • Clonazepam • Cinolazepam • Climazolam • Doxefazepam • Estazolam • Flunitrazepam • Flurazepam • Flutoprazepam • Haloxazolam • Loprazolam • Lorazepam •Lormetazepam • Midazolam • Nimetazepam • Nitrazepam • Quazepam • Temazepam • Triazolam
Carbamates: Carisoprodol • Ethinamate • Hexapropymate • Meprobamate • Methocarbamol • Procymate • Tybamate
Neuroactive Steroids: Acebrochol • Allopregnanolone • Alphadolone • Alphaxolone • Eltanolone • Ganaxolone • Hydroxydione • Minaxolone • Org 20599 • Org 21465 • Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone
Nonbenzodiazepines: CL-218,872 • Eszopiclone • Indiplon • JM-1232 • Lirequinil • Necopidem • Pazinaclone • ROD-188 • Saripidem • Suproclone • Suriclone • SX-3228 • U-89843A • U-90042 • Zaleplon • Zolpidem • Zopiclone
Phenols: Fospropofol • Propofol
Piperidinediones: Glutethimide • Methyprylon • Pyrithyldione • Piperidione
Quinazolinones: Afloqualone • Cloroqualone • Diproqualone • Etaqualone • Mebroqualone • Mecloqualone • Methaqualone • Methylmethaqualone • Nitromethaqualone
Volatiles/gases: 2-Methyl-2-butanol • Acetophenone • Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate • Centalun • Chloral hydrate • Ethanol (Alcohol) • Paraldehyde • Trichloroethanol
Others: Bromide (Lithium bromide, Potassium bromide, Sodium bromide) • Chloralose • Chloralodol • Clomethiazole • Dichloralphenazone • Ethchlorvynol • Etomidate • Gaboxadol • Loreclezole • Methylpentynol • Metomidate • Org 25435 • Petrichloral • Sulfonmethane • Triclofos • Valerenic acid (Valerian)
GABAB Agonists
1,4-Butanediol • Aceburic acid • GABOB • GHB (Sodium oxybate) • GBL • GVL
H1 Inverse agonists
α1-Adrenergic Antagonists
α2-Adrenergic Agonists
5-HT2A Antagonists
Melatonin Agonists
Orexin Antagonists
Others
Receptor
ligands
1,4-BD • 4-Methyl-GHB • GABOB • GBL • GHB • GHV • GVL • NCS-356 • NCS-435 • T-HCA • UMB66 • UMB68 • UMB72 • UMB86; Benzamides: Amisulpride • Sulpiride • Sultopride
Receptor
ligands

Agonists: Main site: Bamaluzole • Gaboxadol • Ibotenic acid • Isoguvacine • Isonipecotic acid • Muscimol (Amanita Muscaria) • Progabide • SL 75102 • Thiomuscimol • Tolgabide; Positive allosteric modulators: Barbiturates • Benzodiazepines • Carbamates • Chlormezanone • Clomethiazole • Ethanol (Alcohol) • Etomidate • Kavalactones (Kava) • Loreclezole • Metomidate • Neuroactive steroids • Nonbenzodiazepines (β-Carbolines, Cyclopyrrolones, Imidazopyridines, Pyrazolopyrimidines, etc.) • Phenols • Piperidinediones • Propanidid • Pyrazolopyridines • Quinazolinones • ROD-188 • Skullcap • Stiripentol • Valerenic acid (Valerian)
* See Template:GABAAergics for a full list of GABAA positive allosteric modulators.

Antagonists: Main site: Bicuculline • Gabazine • Pitrazepin • Quisqualamine; Negative allosteric modulators: α5IA • Bilobalide • Cicutoxin • Cyclothiazide • DMCM • Flumazenil • Flurothyl • Furosemide • L-655,708 • Oenanthotoxin • Penicillin • Pentylenetetrazol • Picrotoxin • PWZ-029 • Ro15-4513 • Sarmazenil • Suritozole • Thujone (Absinthe) • Thiocolchicoside • ZK-93426
Agonists: Main site: 1,4-Butanediol • Baclofen • GBL • GHB • GHV • GVL • Lesogaberan • Phenibut • Progabide • SKF-97,541 • Tolgabide; Positive allosteric modulators: BHF-177 • BHFF • BSPP • CGP-7930 • GS-39783
Antagonists: Main site: CGP-35348 • Phaclofen • Saclofen • SCH-50911
Agonists: Main site: CACA • CAMP • GABOB • N(4)-chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside • Progabide • Tolgabide
Antagonists: Main site: Bilobalide • TPMPA
Reuptake
inhibitors
GAT inhibitors
CI-966 • Deramciclane • EF-1502 • Gabaculine • Guvacine • Nipecotic acid • NNC 05-2090 • SKF-89976A • SNAP-5114 • Tiagabine
Enzyme
inhibitors
GAD inhibitors
GABA-T inhibitors
3-Hydrazinopropionic acid • Aminooxyacetic acid • Gabaculine • Isoniazid • Phenelzine • Phenylethylidenehydrazine • Sodium valproate • Valnoctamide • Valproate pivoxil • Valproate semisodium (Divalproex sodium) • Valproic acid • Valpromide • Vigabatrin
Others
Others