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The EMD GP30 was a 2,250 hp (1,680 kW) four-axle B-B diesel locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division of La Grange, Illinois between July, 1961 and November, 1963. 948 examples were built for railroads in the United States and Canada (2 only), including 40 cabless B units for the Union Pacific Railroad.
It was the first so-called "second generation" EMD diesel locomotive, and was produced in response to increased competition by a new entrant, General Electric's U25B, which was released roughly at the same time as the GP30. The GP30 is easily recognizable due to its high profile and stepped cab roof, unique among American locomotives. A number are still in service today in original or rebuilt form.
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The GP30 was conceived out of the necessity of matching new competitor GE's U25B. The U25B offered 2,500 hp (1,900 kW) while EMD's GP20 and its 567D2 prime mover was only rated at 2,000 hp (1,500 kW). It also featured a sealed, airtight long hood with a single inertial air intake for electrical cooling, with a pressurized cooling system which kept dust out of the engine and equipment area. Finally, the entire design was optimized for ease of access and maintenance. The U25B demonstrators were receiving much praise—and orders—from the railroads that tested them. Meanwhile, ALCO had been producing the 2,400 hp (1,800 kW) RS-27 since 1959, though it had not sold well.
EMD's engine department managed to get an extra 250 hp (186 kW) out of the V16 EMD 567-series engine; the new engine was designated the EMD 567D3. 2,250 hp (1,680 kW) wasn't quite equivalent to the GE and ALCO offerings, but EMD hoped the railroads' familiarity with EMD equipment would improve their chances. The locomotive in which it would be fitted was improved along the lines of the U25B; sealed long hood, central air intake, and engineered for easier maintenance access. The frame and trucks of the GP20 were carried across; the extra equipment for the centralized air system required more space behind the cab, and since the locomotive was not going to be lengthened, extra space was achieved vertically by raising the height of the locomotive, giving room for the central air system, turbocharger and electrical cabinet all behind the cab. This extra height behind the cab meant that the body style used for previous GP units was not suitable.
Since EMD needed the new locomotive to be visibly modern and updated, they turned to the GM Automotive Styling Center at Troy, Michigan for help. The automobile stylists created the GP30's trademark "hump" and cab roof profile. The hump-like bulge started at the front of the cab and enveloped the air intakes for the central air system and the dynamic brake blister. Units ordered without dynamic brakes were the same shape, but lacked the intakes to cool the dynamic brake resistor grids.
For the first time on an EMD hood unit, a low short hood was the default. A high short hood could be ordered, but only holdouts Norfolk and Western Railway and Southern Railway received such units. EMD originally planned to name the locomotive the GP22, and the first demonstrators were put out under that number, but EMD's marketing department decided to leapfrog GE's numbering to make the new locomotive seem more advanced. Marketing literature claimed 30 distinct improvements from the GP20 and that this was the reason for the number.
The GP30 successfully countered the GE threat and kept EMD in the dominant position in the North American diesel market. While losing a little power to the GE and ALCO competition, the solidity and reliability of the GP30—and the familiarity of railroad mechanical departments with EMD products—ultimately won many more orders for EMD. 948 were sold, in comparison to 478 U25Bs. In addition, the GP30 was only sold until the end of 1963, while the U25B was available until 1966.
Most major railroads ordered GP30s, and many smaller ones did too. The largest orders were from the SOU (120), UP (111), ATSF (85), and the B&O (77).
The sole purchaser of B units (by the mid 1960s generally an outdated concept) was the UP, who kept the practice of running its locomotives in matched sets much longer than others. Eight of those 40 B units were fitted with steam generators for heating passenger trains, the only GP30s to receive them. Prior to Amtrak, UP would use a GP30 and two boiler equipped GP30Bs on passenger trains when no E8s or E9s were available.
Some units for the GM&O, MILW and SOO were built from ALCO trade-ins and ride on ARR type B trucks instead of the standard Blomberg Bs. An indisputable tribute to the quality of the GP30 design is the fact that a good number are still in service as of 2007, which is a service lifespan of over 40 years and well in excess of the design life of 25–30 years for the average diesel locomotive. Furthermore, when life-expired, some railroads chose to give them major rebuilds instead of scrapping them.
Specifically, the Burlington Northern rebuilt GP30 (and GP35) units to the specifications of the later GP39. These rebuilds (known as GP39Es, GP39Ms and GP39Vs[1]) came not only from the ranks of the units the BN inherited from its own merger, but from the Union Pacific, Southern Pacific, SAL, and others.
The Chessie System rebuilt its GP30 units into GP30Ms[2], and they lasted with CSX into the mid-to-late 1990s, long after Seaboard System GP30s had been sold, retired and scrapped, or turned into road slugs[3].
| Railroad | Quantity | Road numbers | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electro Motive Division (demonstrator) |
|
5629 | to Union Pacific Railroad 875 |
| 5639 | to Seaboard Air Line Railroad 534, to Seaboard Coast Line Railroad 1343 | ||
| Alaska Railroad |
|
2000 | |
| Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway |
|
1200–1284 | rebuilt versions called GP30u**,GP39E*,GP39M* or GP39V*.(*rebuilds by EMD, Morrison Knudsen(W.G.I.) and VMV.**upgraded at Cleburne, Texas shops.) |
| Atlantic Coast Line Railroad |
|
900–908 | to Seaboard Coast Line Railroad 1300–1308 |
| Baltimore and Ohio Railroad |
|
6900–6976 | |
| Chesapeake and Ohio Railway |
|
3000–3047 | |
| Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad |
|
940–977 | to Burlington Northern Railroad 2217–2254 |
| Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad |
|
239–241 | |
| Chicago Great Western Railway |
|
201–208 | to Chicago & North Western Railway 802–809 |
| Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad |
|
340–355 | AAR type B trucks. Renumbered 1000–1015 |
| Chicago and North Western Railway |
|
810–832 | |
| Canadian Pacific Railway |
|
8200–8201 | Build by General Motors Diesel (GMD) in London, Ontario. Renumbered 5000–5001 |
| Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad |
|
3001–3028 | |
| Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad |
|
500–530 | AAR type B trucks |
| Great Northern Railway |
|
3000–3016 | to Burlington Northern Railroad 2200–2216 |
| Kansas City Southern Railway |
|
100–119 | |
| Louisville and Nashville Railroad |
|
1000–1057 | |
| New York Central Railroad |
|
6115–6124 | |
| New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad |
|
900–909 | |
| Norfolk and Western Railway |
|
522–565 | High short hood |
| Pennsylvania Railroad |
|
2200–2251 | |
| Reading Railroad |
|
5501–5520 | |
| Phelps Dodge Corporation |
|
24–32 | New Cornelia Branch mine |
| Seaboard Air Line Railroad |
|
500–533 | to Seaboard Coast Line Railroad 1309–1342 |
| Soo Line Railroad |
|
700–721 | AAR type B trucks. Eighteen to Wisconsin Central Limited, same numbers |
| Southern Pacific Railroad |
|
7400–7407 | |
| Southern Railway |
|
2525–2644 | High short hood |
| St. Louis Southwestern Railway |
|
750–759 | |
| Toledo, Peoria and Western Railway |
|
700 | |
| Union Pacific Railroad |
|
700–735, 800–874 |
| Railroad | Quantity | Road numbers | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Union Pacific Railroad | 40 | 700B–739B | Eight fitted with steam generators |
The Burlington Northern Railroad was the most extensive rebuilder of GP30s. Finding a need for modernized units of lower power, it sent GP30s—-both its own and units purchased from other railroads-—to be rebuilt. Seventy units were sent to EMD, 65 to Morrison Knudsen (now Washington Group International) and 25 to VMV for rebuilding, and the rebuilds are known as GP39E, GP39M, and GP39V respectively. The changes included new generators, Dash-2 modular electronic control systems and 567D3 engines upgraded with EMD 645-series power assemblies, rated at 2,300 hp (1,720 kW) and designated 12-645D3. These units are still in service on local and smaller lines throughout the BNSF Railway system.
The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (ATSF), meanwhile, performed a similar upgrade in its own Cleburne, Texas shops, stripping the locomotives down to bare metal and rebuilding with new equipment. The 567 engines retained their 2,250 hp (1,680 kW) rating but were upgraded with 645-series power assemblies. The generators and traction motors were upgraded and control and electrical equipment was replaced. The trucks received Hyatt roller bearings and single-clasp brake systems. Rooftop air conditioners and new horns were added. The locomotives were repainted in the blue and yellow Yellowbonnet scheme, and designated GP30u (for upgraded). 78 of these survived until the BNSF merger, and most are still in use in secondary service.
The Soo Line rebuilt three GP30s with CAT 3515 engines rated at 2,000 horsepower (1.49 MW). These were designated GP30C.
According to John Komanesky's Preserved Diesels site, 17 GP30s have been preserved by a variety of museums, societies and tourist railways. A number of these preserved locomotives are in operational condition. The following is a list of preserved GP-30s in North America.
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