GNB4

Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 4

PDB rendering based on 1a0r.

Available structures
PDB	1a0r, 1b9x, 1b9y, 1gg2, 1got, 1gp2, 1omw, 1tbg, 1xhm, 2bcj, 2trc

Identifiers

Symbols

GNB4;

External IDs

OMIM: 610863 MGI: 104581 HomoloGene: 69140 GeneCards: GNB4 Gene

Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• signal transducer activity
Cellular component	• plasma membrane
Biological process	• energy reserve metabolic process • cellular response to glucagon stimulus
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 3:
179.12 – 179.17 Mb

Chr 3:
32.48 – 32.52 Mb

PubMed search

[1]

[2]

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB4 gene.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes. This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors.^[3]

References

^ Downes GB, Gautam N (Mar 2000). "The G protein subunit gene families". Genomics 62 (3): 544–52. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5992. PMID 10644457.
^ Ruiz-Velasco V, Ikeda SR, Puhl HL (Feb 2002). "Cloning, tissue distribution, and functional expression of the human G protein beta 4-subunit". Physiol Genomics 8 (1): 41–50. doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00085.2001. PMID 11842130.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: GNB4 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 4". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=59345.

Pietruck F, Moritz A, Montemurro M, et al. (1996). "Selectively enhanced cellular signaling by Gi proteins in essential hypertension. G alpha i2, G alpha i3, G beta 1, and G beta 2 are not mutated.". Circ. Res. 79 (5): 974–83. PMID 8888689.
Asano T, Morishita R, Ueda H, Kato K (1999). "Selective association of G protein beta(4) with gamma(5) and gamma(12) subunits in bovine tissues.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (30): 21425–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.30.21425. PMID 10409705.
Huang L, Shanker YG, Dubauskaite J, et al. (2000). "Ggamma13 colocalizes with gustducin in taste receptor cells and mediates IP3 responses to bitter denatonium.". Nat. Neurosci. 2 (12): 1055–62. doi:10.1038/15981. PMID 10570481.
Evanko DS, Thiyagarajan MM, Siderovski DP, Wedegaertner PB (2001). "Gbeta gamma isoforms selectively rescue plasma membrane localization and palmitoylation of mutant Galphas and Galphaq.". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (26): 23945–53. doi:10.1074/jbc.M101154200. PMID 11294873.
Huang L, Max M, Margolskee RF, et al. (2003). "G protein subunit G gamma 13 is coexpressed with G alpha o, G beta 3, and G beta 4 in retinal ON bipolar cells.". J. Comp. Neurol. 455 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1002/cne.10396. PMID 12454992.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241.
Cuello F, Schulze RA, Heemeyer F, et al. (2003). "Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by a high energy phosphate transfer via nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) B and Gbeta subunits. Complex formation of NDPK B with Gbeta gamma dimers and phosphorylation of His-266 IN Gbeta.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (9): 7220–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210304200. PMID 12486123.
Sprague RS, Bowles EA, Olearczyk JJ, et al. (2003). "The role of G protein beta subunits in the release of ATP from human erythrocytes.". J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 53 (4 Pt 1): 667–74. PMID 12512701.
Rosskopf D, Nikula C, Manthey I, et al. (2003). "The human G protein beta4 subunit: gene structure, expression, Ggamma and effector interaction.". FEBS Lett. 544 (1-3): 27–32. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00441-1. PMID 12782285.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928.

PDB gallery

1a0r: HETEROTRIMERIC COMPLEX OF PHOSDUCIN/TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA

1b9x: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PHOSDUCIN AND ITS PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATED INTERACTION WITH TRANSDUCIN

1b9y: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PHOSDUCIN AND ITS PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATED INTERACTION WITH TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA

1gg2: G PROTEIN HETEROTRIMER MUTANT GI_ALPHA_1(G203A) BETA_1 GAMMA_2 WITH GDP BOUND

1got: HETEROTRIMERIC COMPLEX OF A GT-ALPHA/GI-ALPHA CHIMERA AND THE GT-BETA-GAMMA SUBUNITS

1gp2: G PROTEIN HETEROTRIMER GI_ALPHA_1 BETA_1 GAMMA_2 WITH GDP BOUND

1omw: Crystal Structure of the complex between G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 and Heterotrimeric G Protein beta 1 and gamma 2 subunits

1tbg: BETA-GAMMA DIMER OF THE HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN TRANSDUCIN

1xhm: The Crystal Structure of a Biologically Active Peptide (SIGK) Bound to a G Protein Beta:Gamma Heterodimer

2bcj: Crystal Structure of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 in Complex with Galpha-q and Gbetagamma Subunits

2trc: PHOSDUCIN/TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA COMPLEX

GNB4

References

Further reading