GNB4
Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 4 |
PDB rendering based on 1a0r. |
Available structures |
PDB |
1a0r, 1b9x, 1b9y, 1gg2, 1got, 1gp2, 1omw, 1tbg, 1xhm, 2bcj, 2trc |
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Identifiers |
Symbols |
GNB4; |
External IDs |
OMIM: 610863 MGI: 104581 HomoloGene: 69140 GeneCards: GNB4 Gene |
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Orthologs |
Species |
Human |
Mouse |
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Entrez |
59345 |
14696 |
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Ensembl |
ENSG00000114450 |
ENSMUSG00000027669 |
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UniProt |
Q9HAV0 |
Q3THF3 |
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RefSeq (mRNA) |
NM_021629 |
NM_013531.4 |
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RefSeq (protein) |
NP_067642 |
NP_038559.2 |
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Location (UCSC) |
Chr 3:
179.12 – 179.17 Mb |
Chr 3:
32.48 – 32.52 Mb |
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PubMed search |
[1] |
[2] |
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Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB4 gene.[1][2][3]
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes. This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors.[3]
References
Further reading
- Pietruck F, Moritz A, Montemurro M, et al. (1996). "Selectively enhanced cellular signaling by Gi proteins in essential hypertension. G alpha i2, G alpha i3, G beta 1, and G beta 2 are not mutated.". Circ. Res. 79 (5): 974–83. PMID 8888689.
- Asano T, Morishita R, Ueda H, Kato K (1999). "Selective association of G protein beta(4) with gamma(5) and gamma(12) subunits in bovine tissues.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (30): 21425–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.30.21425. PMID 10409705.
- Huang L, Shanker YG, Dubauskaite J, et al. (2000). "Ggamma13 colocalizes with gustducin in taste receptor cells and mediates IP3 responses to bitter denatonium.". Nat. Neurosci. 2 (12): 1055–62. doi:10.1038/15981. PMID 10570481.
- Evanko DS, Thiyagarajan MM, Siderovski DP, Wedegaertner PB (2001). "Gbeta gamma isoforms selectively rescue plasma membrane localization and palmitoylation of mutant Galphas and Galphaq.". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (26): 23945–53. doi:10.1074/jbc.M101154200. PMID 11294873.
- Huang L, Max M, Margolskee RF, et al. (2003). "G protein subunit G gamma 13 is coexpressed with G alpha o, G beta 3, and G beta 4 in retinal ON bipolar cells.". J. Comp. Neurol. 455 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1002/cne.10396. PMID 12454992.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241.
- Cuello F, Schulze RA, Heemeyer F, et al. (2003). "Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by a high energy phosphate transfer via nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) B and Gbeta subunits. Complex formation of NDPK B with Gbeta gamma dimers and phosphorylation of His-266 IN Gbeta.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (9): 7220–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210304200. PMID 12486123.
- Sprague RS, Bowles EA, Olearczyk JJ, et al. (2003). "The role of G protein beta subunits in the release of ATP from human erythrocytes.". J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 53 (4 Pt 1): 667–74. PMID 12512701.
- Rosskopf D, Nikula C, Manthey I, et al. (2003). "The human G protein beta4 subunit: gene structure, expression, Ggamma and effector interaction.". FEBS Lett. 544 (1-3): 27–32. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00441-1. PMID 12782285.
- Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928.
PDB gallery
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1a0r: HETEROTRIMERIC COMPLEX OF PHOSDUCIN/TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA
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1b9x: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PHOSDUCIN AND ITS PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATED INTERACTION WITH TRANSDUCIN
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1b9y: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PHOSDUCIN AND ITS PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATED INTERACTION WITH TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA
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1gg2: G PROTEIN HETEROTRIMER MUTANT GI_ALPHA_1(G203A) BETA_1 GAMMA_2 WITH GDP BOUND
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1got: HETEROTRIMERIC COMPLEX OF A GT-ALPHA/GI-ALPHA CHIMERA AND THE GT-BETA-GAMMA SUBUNITS
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1gp2: G PROTEIN HETEROTRIMER GI_ALPHA_1 BETA_1 GAMMA_2 WITH GDP BOUND
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1omw: Crystal Structure of the complex between G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 and Heterotrimeric G Protein beta 1 and gamma 2 subunits
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1tbg: BETA-GAMMA DIMER OF THE HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN TRANSDUCIN
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1xhm: The Crystal Structure of a Biologically Active Peptide (SIGK) Bound to a G Protein Beta:Gamma Heterodimer
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2bcj: Crystal Structure of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 in Complex with Galpha-q and Gbetagamma Subunits
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2trc: PHOSDUCIN/TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA COMPLEX
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