Geographic information systems (GIS) (also known as Geospatial information systems) are computer software and hardware systems that enable users to capture, store, analyse and manage spatially referenced data.[1]
GISs have transformed the way spatial (geographic) data, relationships and patterns in the world are able to be interactively queried, processed, analysed, mapped, modelled, visualised, and displayed for an increasingly large range of users, for a multitude of purposes[1][2][3]
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Uses of GIS's range from indigenous people, communities, research institutions, environmental scientists, health organisations, land use planners, businesses, and government agencies at all levels.[3]
Uses range from information storage; spatial pattern identification; visual presentation of spatial relationships; remote sensing - all sometimes made available through internet web interfaces, involving large numbers of users, data collectors, specialists and/or community participants.
Some examples include:
See Crime mapping
See Historical geographic information system
See Remote sensing application
See GIS Applications for Water, Wastewater, and Stormwater Systems