GATA1

GATA binding protein 1 (globin transcription factor 1)

PDB rendering based on 1gnf.
Identifiers
Symbols GATA1; ERYF1; GATA-1; GF-1; GF1; NFE1; XLTT
External IDs OMIM: 305371 MGI: 95661 HomoloGene: 1549 GeneCards: GATA1 Gene
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 2623 14460
Ensembl ENSG00000102145 ENSMUSG00000031162
UniProt P15976 Q3UIH9
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002049.3 NM_008089.1
RefSeq (protein) NP_002040.1 NP_032115.1
Location (UCSC) Chr X:
48.64 – 48.65 Mb		 Chr X:
7.54 – 7.56 Mb
PubMed search [1] [2]

Erythroid transcription factor also known as GATA-binding factor 1 or GATA-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GATA1 gene.[1]

GATA-1 is a member of the GATA transcription factor family and is involved in cell growth and cancer. This protein plays a role in erythroid development by regulating the switch of fetal hemoglobin to adult hemoglobin. Mutations in this gene have been associated with X-linked dyserythropoietic anemia and thrombocytopenia.[2]

Contents

Function

GATA-1 is essential for erythroid (red blood cell) and megakaryocytic (platelet producing cell) development and mice without GATA1 die as embryos. It helps transcribe the α-spectrin structural protein which is critical for the shape of red blood cells.

GATA-1 has been found to enhance the transcription rates of the α-spectrin gene by up to 100 fold in humans.[3]

Structure

The molecule contains three domains: the C-finger, the N-finger, and the Activation Domain. The C-finger, named for being near the C-terminal, has a Zinc finger DNA binding domain. The N-finger, named for being near the N-terminal also binds DNA and a cofactor named FOG1 (friend of GATA). The Activation Domain is responsible for GATA1's strong transcriptional activation. The gene for GATA1 is on the X-chromosome.

Disease linkage

Mutations in exon 2 of the GATA1 gene are present in almost all cases of Down syndrome (DS)-associated acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL).[4][5] While AMKL is typically associated with the (1;22) translocation and expression of a mutant fusion protein, the genetic alterations that promote individuals with DS-AMKL are related to the GATA1 mutations, and the formation of a truncated transcription factor (GATA1s).

The same mutations in exon 2 of GATA1 present in almost all Down Syndrome-associated transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) or transient leukemia (TL), a precursor condition that evolves into AMKL in 30% of patients, that as many as 10% of Down Syndrome children may develop.[6] The encidence for the GATA1 mutation in about 4% of Down Syndrome patients, but less than 10% of those with the mutation developed AMKL.[7] This mutation is present in the fetus, suggesting an early role in leukemogenesis. In addition to screening for TL, a GATA1 mutation at birth might serve as a bio-marker for an increased risk of DS-related AMKL.[8]

Interactions

GATA1 has been shown to interact with HDAC1,[9] Histone deacetylase 5,[9] Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16,[10] LMO2,[11] HDAC4,[9] HDAC3,[9] FLI1,[12][13] ZFPM2[14] and TAL1.[15]

References

  1. ^ Caiulo A, Nicolis S, Bianchi P, Zuffardi O, Bardoni B, Maraschio P, Ottolenghi S, Camerino G, Giglioni B (February 1991). "Mapping the gene encoding the human erythroid transcriptional factor NFE1-GF1 to Xp11.23". Hum. Genet. 86 (4): 388–90. PMID 1999341. 
  2. ^ "Entrez Gene: GATA1 GATA binding protein 1 (globin transcription factor 1)". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2623. 
  3. ^ Wong EY, Lin J, Forget BG, Bodine DM, Gallagher PG (December 2004). "Sequences downstream of the erythroid promoter are required for high level expression of the human alpha-spectrin gene". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (53): 55024–33. doi:10.1074/jbc.M408886200. PMID 15456760. 
  4. ^ Wechsler J, Greene M, McDevitt MA, Anastasi J, Karp JE, Le Beau MM, Crispino JD (September 2002). "Acquired mutations in GATA1 in the megakaryoblastic leukemia of Down syndrome". Nat. Genet. 32 (1): 148–52. doi:10.1038/ng955. PMID 12172547. 
  5. ^ Rainis L, Bercovich D, Strehl S, Teigler-Schlegel A, Stark B, Trka J, Amariglio N, Biondi A, Muler I, Rechavi G, Kempski H, Haas OA, Izraeli S (August 2003). "Mutations in exon 2 of GATA1 are early events in megakaryocytic malignancies associated with trisomy 21". Blood 102 (3): 981–6. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-11-3599. PMID 12649131. 
  6. ^ Greene ME, Mundschau G, Wechsler J, McDevitt M, Gamis A, Karp J, Gurbuxani S, Arceci R, Crispino JD (2003). "Mutations in GATA1 in both transient myeloproliferative disorder and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia of Down syndrome". Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 31 (3): 351–6. doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2003.08.001. PMID 14636651. 
  7. ^ Pine SR, Guo Q, Yin C, Jayabose S, Druschel CM, Sandoval C (September 2007). "Incidence and clinical implications of GATA1 mutations in newborns with Down syndrome". Blood 110 (6): 2128–31. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-01-069542. PMID 17576817. 
  8. ^ Shimada A, Xu G, Toki T, Kimura H, Hayashi Y, Ito E (January 2004). "Fetal origin of the GATA1 mutation in identical twins with transient myeloproliferative disorder and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia accompanying Down syndrome". Blood 103 (1): 366. doi:10.1182/blood-2003-09-3219. PMID 14684662. 
  9. ^ a b c d Watamoto K, Towatari M, Ozawa Y, Miyata Y, Okamoto M, Abe A, Naoe T, Saito H (December 2003). "Altered interaction of HDAC5 with GATA-1 during MEL cell differentiation". Oncogene 22 (57): 9176–84. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206902. PMID 14668799. 
  10. ^ Labbaye C, Quaranta MT, Pagliuca A, Militi S, Licht JD, Testa U, Peschle C (September 2002). "PLZF induces megakaryocytic development, activates Tpo receptor expression and interacts with GATA1 protein". Oncogene 21 (43): 6669–79. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205884. PMID 12242665. 
  11. ^ Osada H, Grutz G, Axelson H, Forster A, Rabbitts TH (October 1995). "Association of erythroid transcription factors: complexes involving the LIM protein RBTN2 and the zinc-finger protein GATA1". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (21): 9585–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.21.9585. PMC 40846. PMID 7568177. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=40846. 
  12. ^ Lahiri K, Dole MG, Vidwans AS, Kamat J, Kandoth P (April 1989). "Acute glomerulonephritis". J. Trop. Pediatr. 35 (2): 92. PMID 2724402. 
  13. ^ Starck J, Cohet N, Gonnet C, Sarrazin S, Doubeikovskaia Z, Doubeikovski A, Verger A, Duterque-Coquillaud M, Morle F (February 2003). "Functional cross-antagonism between transcription factors FLI-1 and EKLF". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (4): 1390–402. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.4.1390-1402.2003. PMC 141137. PMID 12556498. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=141137. 
  14. ^ Holmes M, Turner J, Fox A, Chisholm O, Crossley M, Chong B (August 1999). "hFOG-2, a novel zinc finger protein, binds the co-repressor mCtBP2 and modulates GATA-mediated activation". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (33): 23491–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.33.23491. PMID 10438528. 
  15. ^ Goardon N, Lambert JA, Rodriguez P, Nissaire P, Herblot S, Thibault P, Dumenil D, Strouboulis J, Romeo PH, Hoang T (January 2006). "ETO2 coordinates cellular proliferation and differentiation during erythropoiesis". EMBO J. 25 (2): 357–66. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600934. PMC 1383517. PMID 16407974. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1383517. 

Further reading

External links