| Fontoura | |||
| Civil Parish (Freguesia) | |||
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A pastoral image of the Fontoura, with its parochial church
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| Official name: Freguesia de Fontoura | |||
| Country | Portugal | ||
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| Region | Norte | ||
| Subregion | Minho-Lima | ||
| District | Viana do Castelo | ||
| Municipality | Valença | ||
| Localities | Bárrio, Boriz, Casa Gonçalo, Cortinhas, Gontomil, Grove, Ínsua, Maga, Outeiro, Paço, Pereira, Portela, Prado, Reguengo, Rio Torto, Valinha | ||
| Center | Fontoura | ||
| - elevation | 88 m (289 ft) | ||
| - coordinates | |||
| Length | 3.60 km (2 mi), Southwest-Northeast | ||
| Width | 4.87 km (3 mi), Northwest-Southeast | ||
| Area | 9.17 km2 (4 sq mi) | ||
| Population | 737 (2001) | ||
| LAU | Freguesia/Junta Freguesia | ||
| - location | Bárrio, Fontoura, Valença | ||
| Timezone | WET (UTC0) | ||
| - summer (DST) | WEST (UTC+1) | ||
| ISO 3166-2 code | PT- | ||
| Postal Zone | 4930-241 Fontoura | ||
| Area Code & Prefix | (+351) 251 XX XX XX | ||
| Patron Saint | São Miguel | ||
| Parish Address | Bárrio 4930-241 Fontoura |
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| Wikimedia Commons: Fontoura | |||
| Website: http://www.jf-fontoura.com/ | |||
| Statistics from INE (2001); geographic detail from Instituto Geográfico Português (2010) | |||
Fontoura is a civil parish in the municipality of Valença, in northern Portugal, along the southern frontier with Paredes de Coura. In 2001 the population was less than 737 inhabitants, dispersed within an area of 9.17 km² (there were approximately 80 inhabitants per kilometre squared), of which 668 were registered voters (31 December 2003).
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The parish's origins date back to the pre-Roman era; several archaeological artefacts were discovered in the area around Grove, that trace back to this period.[1] In addition to the remains of ceramic pottery and ash/coal, the settlement, on a round hilltop, was assumed to be the site of a fortified castro structure.[1]
Similarly, along the flanks of Monte São Gabriel near Telhões there were found early signs of the regions settlement, including the discovery of bricks with wedges of yellow metal, which was attributed to early Moorish occupation in the area.[1]
By the founding of the Kingdom of Portugal, the local lands were dotted with small enclaves; the area of Boriz, of German origin, evolved from a proto-cultural settlement called Baudiricus, and was typical of the 9th-10th century settlements in the area. [1] As tradition holds, the name Fontoura originated from a spring located near to the Casa Alta, whose waters had gold particulates or considered for its quality. [1] Derived from Fonte d'Ouro (Portuguese: Golden Fountain), the settlement evolved over time into Fontoura. [1] Reguengo, another settlement, was linked to Elizabeth of Aragon who stayed in the region on her return from a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela. [1]
José Joaquim Champalimaud Nussane Lyra e Castra, a native son, constructed his magnificent mansion in Bárrio, in addition to patronizing the local Chapel of São José. [1]
In 1258, the Church of São Miguel de Fontoura was cited as one of the churches belonging to the diocese of Tui, during King Afonso III of Portugal Inquiries. [1] A 1320, catalogue of the similar churches, prepared for King Denis of Portugal, rated the São Miguel church for tax purposes to 100 pounds. [1]
In 1444, John I of Portugal obtained permission from the Pope, who dismembered the territory from the diocese of Tui, and transferred its administration to the diocese of Ceuta (where it remained until 1512). [1] In that year, the Archbishop of Braga, Diogo de Sousa, gave Henrique, Bishop of Ceuta, the ecclesiastical district of Olivença, receiving in exchange Valença do Minho, which was approved in 1513, by Pope Leo X. [1] Between 1514 and 1532, the archbishop Diogo de Sousa assessed the property of the church of Fontoura to the diocese of Braga at 230 réis. By 1546, in the assessment records of São Miguel de Fontoura the church yielded 60,000 réis. [1]
In a 1580 copy of the census, friar Baltasar Limpo indicated that São Miguel was administered by laymen, and according to Américo Costa, its proceeds belonged to the heirs of Gabriel Pereira de Castro. [1] The 1862 parish statistics, indicate that Vieiras Teles of Lisbon, and Barbosa Aboim of Barcelos, were beneficiaries of the proceeds. [1]
By 1839, Fontoura was a parish of the district of Monção, until it was transferred to the administration of Valença in 1852. [1]
Fontoura is located ten kilometres from the municipal seat of Valença, occupying a fertile 913 hectares, dominated by the cultivation of corn and vineyards. [1] In addition, abundant grasslands in the area are suitable for raising of goats.
The EN201 motorway bisects most of the parish from north to south, while the EN13 and A3 roads are located close to the parish. [1] Meanwhile, the urban hierarchy consists of several residential and urban agglomerations (hamlets and neighbourhoods), such as: Rio Torto, Ínsua, Casa Gonçalo, Boriz, Cortinhas, Reguengo, Bárrio, Prado, Valinha, Pereira, Portela, Gontomil, Grove, Maga, Outeiro and Paço. [1]
The community is primarily focused on agricultural activities, with local weaving becoming a productive secondary industry associated with the economy. [1] This includes handicrafts such as works in linen. The inhabitants work growing small domestic crops, weaving, carpentry, mechanical metal work, construction and in the retail trade. [1]
On the last Sunday of each month, the local community participates in the local fairs. [1] Traditional fairs are very rooted in the economic habits of the population with a large attendance of people from throughout the region. [1] The community also celebrates the festival of São Gabriel. [1]