Fluminense Football Club

Fluminense
Full name Fluminense Football Club
Nickname(s) Tricolor Carioca[1]
Fluzão[2]
Nense[3]
Pó-de-Arroz[4]
Founded July 21, 1902[1]
Stadium Estádio Olímpico João Havelange, Rio de Janeiro
(Capacity: 46,931[5])
President Peter Siemsen
Head coach Abel Braga
League Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
2011 3rd
Home colors
Away colors

Fluminense Football Club (Portuguese pronunciation: [flumiˈnẽsi]) is a sports club based in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Founded in the beginning of the 20th century as a single-sport institution,[1] Fluminense is today an umbrella organization for several teams in more than 16 different sport activities.[6] The most popular endeavor of Fluminense, however, continues to be football.[7] This article concerns itself with Fluminense solely as a professional football club.

The Tricolor was the first successful organization in the state of Rio de Janeiro established specifically for football, and has been the inspiration for several other clubs in Brazil and in other countries. It adopted the colors of maroon, green and white.

In the 1920s the club was considered an "entity of federal public utility" by Decree nº 5044 with date of October 28, 1926, published by the Diário Oficial da União (Brazilian government's official gazette) on November 10, 1926, after having won their first international competition (the Vulcain Cup) in 1928.

Fluminense Football Club has contributed the fifth most players to the Brazil national team. The Rio de Janeiro government decreed November 12 "Fluminense Football Club Day" by law (nº 5094) on September 27, 2007. With the largest number of Campeonato Carioca titles in the 20th century (28), the club is known as the "champion of the century".[8]

Contents

History

Fluminense Football Club was founded on July 21, 1902 in Rio de Janeiro by Oscar Cox, a Brazilian of British heritage.[1] in the then aristocratic neighbourhood of Laranjeiras.[9] Fluminense was formed by sons of the elite who had come into contact with football while studying in Europe.[10] The first official match was played against now defunct Rio FC, and ended 8-0 for Fluminense.[1] The club's first title came in 1906, when Fluminense won its first Campeonato Carioca.[1]

In 1911, disagreement between Fluminense players led to the formation of Flamengo's football team.[1] The so-called Fla-Flu derby is considered one of the biggest in the history of Brazilian football.[11] Five years later, in Fluminense's stadium, the Brazilian national football team debuted.[1] It was also there that they won their first title, in the 1919.[12] One year later, Afrânio Costa, a Fluminense shooting athlete, won the first medal for Brazil in the history of the Olympic Games.[13][14]

By 1924, Fluminense had 4,000 members, a stadium for 25,000 people, and facilities that impressed clubs in Europe.[15] Nonetheless, Fluminense's long association with the rich tainted its history with racism.[16] In an unfortunate event in 1914, Carlos Alberto, a mulatto playing for Fluminense decided to cover himself in cosmetic powder to disguise the colour of his skin. This ultimately led to one of the club's nicknames, pó de arroz, which is the Portuguese for 'white powder'.[16][17] After 1925, Fluminense began pressuring for the professionalization of football,[7] but it wasn't until the 1950s that the club started to accept black players in its squad.[16]

The following years saw an expansion of the club's hegemony in Rio. Fluminense would remain unsurpassed in terms of state championships until 2009.[18] International acclaim came in 1949 with the awarding of the Olympic Cup, and was further fostered in 1952 with Fluminense's first intercontinental honour, the Copa Rio.[1][19] The club established itself regionally with victory in two Torneio Rio-São Paulo cups in 1957 and 1960.[1] National honours followed in 1970 and 1984, with Taça de Prata and Série A cups, respectively.[1]

As even the 60s, Brazil did not have a unified national championship, Fluminense has focused on the achievements at the state of Rio de Janeiro, winning until the year 1950, 15 State Championships.

In 1952 the Fluminese won his first international title, winning the Copa Rio Internacional. In this tournament Fluminense faced teams like Peñarol (Uruguay), Sporting (Portugal), Grasshopper-Club (Switzerland) and Austria Wien (Austria), all of then great strengths of football on 50's years. The Fans sees Fluminense Rio Cup title in 1952 as a world club title.

From the 50's, with the creation of the Rio-São Paulo Tournament, the forerunner of what eventually would become the national championship, Fluminense established itself regionally, with the tournament title in the years of 1957 and 1960.

From the 60's, began to be played in Brazil the first national championships. The Fluminense first national title came in 1970, in that time, Brazil had the best players in world football, and all of them played in Brazilians clubs. Although not counted in his squad with the main players of the season in Brazil, Fluminense won the Brazilian champion surpassing the great strengths of the time as Santos, Palmeiras and Cruzeiro.

In the 70's, Fluminense signing up with several famous players like Roberto Rivellino. This time, called as "maquina tricolor", won the state championship in the years of 1975 e 1976. In the national championship Fluminense lost in the semifinal maths to Internacional in 1975 and Corinthians in 1976.

Fluminense has became again the Brazilian champion in 1984. This time, that had won the state Championship in the years of 1983, 1984 and 1985, count with players like Romerito, Ricardo Gomes, Deley, and the "Casal Vinte": Assis and Washington.

At the end of the 80's years Copa do Brasil was created, inspired by the Cups tournament played in European countries. Fluminense reached the final of the Copa do Brasil for the first time in 1992, having lost the final math to Internacional de Porto Alegre.

A disastrous campaign led to the club's relegation from Série A in 1996. A set of off-field political maneuvers, however, allowed Fluminense to remain in Brazil's top domestic league,[20] only to be relegated the next year.[21] Completely out of control, the club was relegated from Série B to Série C in 1998.[22] In 1999, Fluminense won the Série C championship and was to be promoted to Série B when it was invited to take part in Copa João Havelange,[23] a championship that replaced the traditional Série A in 2000. In 2001, it was decided that all clubs which took part in Copa João Havelange's so-called Blue Group should be kept in Série A,[24] and so Fluminense Football Club found its way back to the top, where it has been ever since.

In 2002 and 2005, Fluminense won again the Campeonato Carioca. In 2005 Fluminense reached the final of the Copa do Brasil again, having lost the final Match to Paulista Futebol Clube.

In 2007, Fluminense won the Copa do Brasil, after beaten Figueirense in the final Match, and was admitted in the Copa Libertadores again after 23 years.[1][25] The club's campaign led it into the finals and included remarkable matches against Arsenal de Sarandí, São Paulo and Boca Juniors.[26][27][28] Fluminense lost the cup to LDU Quito in a penalty shootout.[29]

After signing up 27 players and going through 5 different managers in 2009, Fluminense found itself struggling to avoid another relegation from Série A.[30] With less than one-third of the championship left, the mathematical probability of the club's relegation was of 98%.[31] At this point, manager Cuca decided to sack some of the more experienced players and gave Fluminense's youngsters a chance.[32] That, along with Fred's recovery from a serious injury and substantial support from the fans, allowed not only a sensational escape from relegation, but also placed Fluminense in the final of the Copa Sudamericana.[33][34] For the second year in a row, the club contested a continental cup. In a repeat of the previous year's Copa Libertadores, Fluminense lost the cup to LDU Quito.[35]

In 2010, Fluminense won the Brazilian championship for the third time in its history, marking their third national championship after 1970 and 1984). It was also the fourth title for coach Muricy Ramalho in a decade: Ramalho had won the title three times in a row with São Paulo from 2006 to 2008. Darío Conca was named the Brazilian Championship's Player of Season, while Fred and Washington were decisive players in Fluminense's winning campaign.

Honors

International

1949

In 1949, Fluminense Football Club was awarded the Olympic Cup by the International Olympic Committee.[19] The official 2009 kit featured the Olympic Cup as a 60th year celebration.[36] Fluminense is the only football club and Brazilian Organization that earned this title.

Champion: 1952[19]
Champion: 2012[19]

National

Champion: 1970, 1984, 2010[1]
Champion: 2007[1]
Runner-up: 1992, 2005[1]
Champion: 1999[37]

Regional

Champion: 1957, 1960[1]

State

Champion: 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1924, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1940, 1941, 1946, 1951, 1959, 1964, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1980, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1995, 2002, 2005[1]
1966, 1969, 1971, 1975, 1983, 1985, 1991, 1993
1990, 2005[1]
1938, 1948
1935
1998
1916, 1924, 1925, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1954, 1956, 1965

About Torneio Início see: http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torneio_In%C3%ADcio_do_Rio_de_Janeiro

Friendly tournaments

1987
1984[38]
1977[39]
1976
1973
1976, 1987
1989

Other honors

Trophies of the Fluminense Football Club, see RSSSF.[41]

Minor achievements

Football

Current squad

As of July, 2011.[42][43][44][45][46][47]

Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Position Player
1 GK Ricardo Berna
2 DF Mariano
3 DF Gum
4 DF Márcio Rozário
5 MF Edinho
6 DF Carlinhos
7 MF Marquinho
8 MF Diguinho
9 FW Fred (captain)
10 FW Rafael Moura
11 MF Manuel Lanzini (on loan from River Plate)
12 GK Diego Cavalieri
13 DF Digão
14 DF Elivelton
16 DF Wallace
No. Position Player
17 MF Edwin Valencia
18 FW Ciro (on loan from Sport Recife)
19 FW Matheus Carvalho
20 MF Deco (vice-captain)
21 MF Souza
22 GK Guilherme (on loan from Internacional)
23 FW Rafael Sóbis (on loan from Al Jazira)
25 MF Alejandro Martinuccio
30 MF Rodrigo
32 DF André Luís
33 GK Klever
55 MF Diogo (on loan from Londrina)
70 FW Araújo
85 DF Leandro Euzébio
88 MF Fernando Bob

Players with Dual Nationality

Fluminense Sub-23 players with first team experience

As of May 19, 2011.

Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Position Player
TBA DF Ricardo
TBA DF Douglas Maia
TBA MF Ferreira
No. Position Player
TBA MF Felipe Canavan
TBA FW Giovani

Fluminense Youth Team

Professional players able to play in the youth team

As of May 19, 2011.

Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Position Player
— DF Elivelton
No. Position Player
19 FW Matheus Carvalho

Youth players with first team experience

As of August 19, 2011.

Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Position Player
— DF Ryan
— DF Raphael Miranda
— DF Wallace
No. Position Player
— MF Dielton
— FW Giovani
— FW Samuel Rosa

Out on loan

As of May 19, 2011.

Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Position Player
— GK Rafael (loan to Atlético Goianiense)
— DF Gerson (loan to Goiás)
— DF João Paulo (loan to Ponte Preta)
— DF Marquinhos (loan to Paraná)
— MF Patricio Urrutia (loan to LDU Quito)
— MF Bruno Neves (loan to Figueirense)
— MF Leandro Teixeira (loan to Duque de Caxias)
— MF Wellington Nem (loan to Figueirense)
No. Position Player
— MF Raphael Augusto (loan to Duque de Caxias)
— MF Tartá (loan to Kashima Antlers)
— FW Léo Itaperuna (loan to Anápolis)
— FW Alex (loan to Internacional)
— FW Dori (loan to Changchun Yatai)
— FW Bruno Veiga (loan to Duque de Caxias)
— FW Rodriguinho (loan to Atlético-PR)

First-team staff

As of May 19, 2011.
Position Name Nationality
Coach Abel Braga  Brazilian
Assistant Coach Leomir  Brazilian
Fitness coaches Flávio Vignoli  Brazilian
Jefferson Souza  Brazilian
Goalkeeping Coach Victor Hugo  Brazilian

Football Officials

As of September 2009, Fluminense Football Club was undergoing serious political turmoil, with no clearly defined chain of command.[48][49][50][51]

Notable former players

The most notable players for Fluminense Football Club so far have been:[52]

Performance

Fluminense Football Club took part in 36 of the 38 official Serie A championships organized in Brazil since 1971.[53] Since the number of participating teams has changed considerably over time, any accurate performance measurement must take this variable into account. In the two tables below, the performance field for a given position p in a universe of n teams was calculated using the formula:

x = \frac{n-p}{n} \times 100

This allows for an asymptotic limit of 100%, since p will never be zero.

Year Position Participants Performance Year Position Participants Performance
1971 16 20 20% 1981 11 44 75%
1972 14 26 46% 1982 5 44 89%
1973 23 40 42% 1983 18 44 59%
1974 24 40 40% 1984 1 41 98%
1975 3 42 93% 1985 22 44 50%
1976 4 54 93% 1986 6 48 87%
1977 26 62 58% 1987 7 16 56%
1978 22 74 70% 1988 3 24 87%
1979 52 94 45% 1989 15 22 32%
1980 11 44 75% 1990 15 20 25%
Year Position Participants Performance Year Position Participants Performance
1991 4 20 80% 2001 3 28 89%
1992 14 20 30% 2002 4 26 85%
1993 28 32 12% 2003 19 24 21%
1994 15 24 37% 2004 9 24 62%
1995 4 24 83% 2005 5 22 77%
1996 23 24 4% 2006 15 20 25%
1997 25 26 4% 2007 4 20 80%
1998 Série B 2008 14 20 30%
1999 Série C 2009 16 20 20%
2000 3 25 88% 2010 1 20 95%

Fluminense Football Club has an average performance of 57% in Série A, with a standard deviation of 28%.

Sponsors

Companies that Fluminense Football Club currently has sponsorship deals with include:

Support

The supporters of Fluminense Football Club are usually related to the upper classes of Rio de Janeiro.[55] However, the popularity of the club reaches beyond the city limits. Recent polls have estimated the number of supporters to be between 1.3% and 3.7% of the Brazilian population.[56] Considering a population of 185 million people,[57] that would account for numbers between 2.73 and 6.84 million.

The best attendance ever observed in a match of Fluminense was registered on December 15, 1963 in a rally against Flamengo. On that day, an impressive amount of 194,000 people showed up at the Maracanã stadium.[58] This occasion remains as the stadium's record for a match between clubs.[59]

Notable supporters of Fluminense include composers Cartola and Chico Buarque,[60][61] FIFA president of honour João Havelange,[11] musician Ivan Lins,[62] poet and actor Mario Lago,[63] journalist and songwriter Nelson Motta[64] and dramatist, journalist and writer Nelson Rodrigues.[64], 1970 FIFA World Cup winner Gérson, A.C. Milan's top defense player Thiago Silva, former Minister of Culture and international artist Gilberto Gil, [65] Silvio Santos, the owner of SBT, the second largest Brazilian television network, [66] and the Academy Award nomenee Fernanda Montenegro. [67]

References

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  2. ^ "Thiago flies the Fluzão flag". Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/clubworldcup/japan2008/news/newsid=716238.html. Retrieved 2008-03-19. 
  3. ^ "Brazil National Soccer League - List of Teams in Serie A". about.com Brazil Travel Guide. http://gobrazil.about.com/od/culturehistorylanguage/a/brasileirao.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-07. 
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  5. ^ pt:Estádio das Laranjeiras (Rio de Janeiro)
  6. ^ "FLUOLIMPICO.COM.BR" (in Portuguese). Fluminense Football Club. http://www.fluminense.com.br/fluolimpico/. Retrieved 2009-06-09. 
  7. ^ a b "FLUMEMÓRIA - HISTÓRIA - Um clube popular" (in Portuguese). Fluminense Football Club. http://www.fluminense.com.br/memoria_historia.asp. Retrieved 2009-12-04. 
  8. ^ honor in 2005 RSSSF
  9. ^ "Fluminense fiesta". British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 2002-08-22. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tv_and_radio/world_football/2188923.stm. Retrieved 2009-06-11. 
  10. ^ "How football conquered Brazil". 2009-05-18. http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/timvickery/2009/05/how_football_conquered_brazil.html. Retrieved 2009-06-11. 
  11. ^ a b "Passion, carnival and crazy goals". Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). 2001-07-13. http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/federation/news/newsid=78517.html. Retrieved 2009-06-10. 
  12. ^ "Southamerican Championship 1919". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). http://www.rsssf.com/tables/19safull.html. Retrieved 2009-06-11. 
  13. ^ Napoleão, Antônio Carlos (2003) (in Portuguese). Fluminense Football Club: História, Conquistas e Glórias no Futebol. Mauad. p. 30. ISBN 9788574780788. http://books.google.com/books?id=N38fcax08dcC. Retrieved 2009-06-15. 
  14. ^ "Histórico do Brasil nas competições olímpicas de tiro" (in Portuguese). UOL Esporte. http://esporte.uol.com.br/olimpiadas/modalidades/tiro/historico_brasil.jhtm. Retrieved 2009-06-15. 
  15. ^ Mason, Tony (1995). Passion of the people? Football in South America. Verso. p. 54. ISBN 9780860914037. http://books.google.com/books?id=iIN81fOaLdkC. Retrieved 2009-06-10. 
  16. ^ a b c Rodrigues, Mário (2003) (in Portuguese). O negro no futebol brasileiro. Mauad. pp. 36,37,41,44,51,60,62,63,69,70,77,210,281. ISBN 9788574780962. http://books.google.com/books?id=4n3n63FoJQsC. Retrieved 2009-06-13. 
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  19. ^ a b c d "Fluminense Football Club - Conquistas" (in Portuguese). Fluminense Football Club. http://www.fluminense.com.br/memoria_historiaconquistas.asp. Retrieved 2009-12-04. 
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  23. ^ "Brazil 1999 Third Level (Série C)". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). http://www.rsssfbrasil.com/tablesae/br1999l3.htm. Retrieved 2009-12-04. 
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  25. ^ "Fluminense volta à Libertadores após 23 anos" (in Portuguese). UOL Esporte. 2007-06-06. http://esporte.uol.com.br/futebol/ultimas/2007/06/06/ult59u122616.jhtm. Retrieved 2009-06-12. 
  26. ^ "Flu massacra Arsenal em noite de gala" (in Portuguese). globoesporte.com. 2008-03-05. http://globoesporte.globo.com/ESP/Noticia/Futebol/Fluminense/0,,MUL338513-4284,00.html. Retrieved 2009-06-12. 
  27. ^ "Flu leva a melhor no Maraca e está na semifinal da Taça Libertadores" (in Portuguese). globoesporte.com. 2008-05-21. http://globoesporte.globo.com/Esportes/Noticias/Futebol/Libertadores/0,,MUL489835-9851,00-FLU+LEVA+A+MELHOR+NO+MARACA+E+ESTA+NA+SEMIFINAL+DA+TACA+LIBERTADORES.html. Retrieved 2009-06-12. 
  28. ^ Leach, Conrad (2008-06-06). "Flu flay Boca as Brazilians fly into final". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/jun/06/1. Retrieved 2009-06-12. 
  29. ^ Duarte, Fernando (2008-07-04). "Fluminense in mourning after Maracana party turns to tears". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/jul/04/brazil. Retrieved 2009-06-12. 
  30. ^ "Balcão de negócios e alta rotatividade ajudam a explicar desespero do Flu" (in Portuguese). globoesporte.com. 2009-10-05. http://globoesporte.globo.com/Esportes/Noticias/Times/Fluminense/0,,MUL1329995-9866,00-BALCAO+DE+NEGOCIOS+E+ALTA+ROTATIVIDADE+AJUDAM+A+EXPLICAR+DESESPERO+DO+FLU.html. Retrieved 2009-12-14. 
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  34. ^ "A média de público final do Campeonato Brasileiro 2009" (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: O Globo. 2009-12-08. http://oglobo.globo.com/blogs/bolademeia/posts/2009/12/10/a-media-de-publico-final-do-campeonato-brasileiro-2009-248850.asp. Retrieved 2009-12-14. 
  35. ^ "Fluminense luta até o fim, mas título fica novamente com a LDU, verdadeiro algoz" (in Portuguese). globoesporte.com. 2009-12-03. http://globoesporte.globo.com/Esportes/Noticias/Times/Fluminense/0,,MUL1401289-9866,00-FLUMINENSE+LUTA+ATE+O+FIM+MAS+TITULO+FICA+NOVAMENTE+COM+A+LDU+VERDADEIRO+AL.html. Retrieved 2009-12-14. 
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  40. ^ Main Titles of Fluminense Footbaal Club in RSSSF
  41. ^ RSSSF
  42. ^ "Goleiros" (in Portuguese). Fluminense Football Club. http://www.fluminense.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=52&Itemid=87. Retrieved 2011-01-15. 
  43. ^ "Laterais" (in Portuguese). Fluminense Football Club. http://www.fluminense.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=65&Itemid=88. Retrieved 2011-01-04. 
  44. ^ "Zagueiros" (in Portuguese). Fluminense Football Club. http://www.fluminense.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=66&Itemid=89. Retrieved 2011-01-04. 
  45. ^ "Volantes" (in Portuguese). Fluminense Football Club. http://www.fluminense.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=67&Itemid=90. Retrieved 2011-01-04. 
  46. ^ "Meias" (in Portuguese). Fluminense Football Club. http://www.fluminense.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=68&Itemid=91. Retrieved 2011-01-04. 
  47. ^ "Atacantes" (in Portuguese). Fluminense Football Club. http://www.fluminense.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=92. Retrieved 2011-01-04. 
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  49. ^ "Michael Simoni muito perto de voltar ao Fluminense" (in Portuguese). Diário LANCE!. 2009-09-04. http://lancenet.com.br/fluminense/noticias/09-09-04/612136.stm. 
  50. ^ "Tote Menezes não é mais vice de futebol do Fluminense" (in Portuguese). Jornal O Globo. 2009-09-03. http://oglobo.globo.com/esportes/brasileiro2009/mat/2009/09/03/tote-menezes-nao-mais-vice-de-futebol-do-fluminense-767449176.asp. 
  51. ^ "Horcades pode sofrer impeachment no Fluminense" (in Portuguese). Diário LANCE!. 2009-09-02. http://www.lancenet.com.br/fluminense/noticias/09-09-02/610125.stm. 
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