| Finno-Permic | |
|---|---|
| Finnic | |
| Geographic distribution: |
Northern Fennoscandia, Baltic states, Southwestern, Southeastern, and Ural region of Russia |
| Linguistic classification: | Uralic
|
| Subdivisions: | |
| ISO 639-2 and 639-5: | fiu |
The Finno-Permic languages (also Finno-Permian and Fenno-Permic/Permian) are a traditional but disputed ,group of the Uralic languages that comprises the Baltic-Finnic languages, Sami languages, Mordvinic languages, Mari language, Permic languages, and likely a number of extinct languages. In the traditional taxonomy of the Uralic languages, Finno-Permic is estimated to have split from Finno-Ugric around 3000–2500 BC, and branched into Permic languages and Finno-Volgaic languages around 2000 BC.[1] Nowadays the validity of the group as a taxonomical entity is questioned. [2]
The term Finnic languages has often been used to designate all the Finno-Permic languages,[3][4] based on an earlier belief that Permic languages would be much more closely related to the Baltic Finnic languages than to the Ugric languages.[1] (In Finnish scholarly usage Finnic most often refers to the Baltic-Finnic languages alone.[5])
Interpretation of grouping the Finnic/Finno-Permic languages can vary among different scholars, though all variations treat Permic as a primary division. The following proposals for classification are listed by Ruhlen (1987) [6] and by Angela Marcantonio in 2002:[7]
| Finnic/Finno-Permic languages by Collinder, 1965 |
Finnic/Finno-Permic languages by Austerlitz 1968 |
Finnic/Finno-Permic languages by Sauvageot & Menges 1973 |
Finnic/Finno-Permic languages by Harms 1974 |
Finnic/Finno-Permic languages by Vogelin & Vogelin 1977 |
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