| Finchley | |
Ballards Lane, Church End, Finchley |
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Finchley
Finchley shown within Greater London |
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| OS grid reference | TQ255905 |
|---|---|
| London borough | Barnet |
| Ceremonial county | Greater London |
| Region | London |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | LONDON |
| Postcode district | N2, N3, N12 |
| Dialling code | 020 |
| Police | Metropolitan |
| Fire | London |
| Ambulance | London |
| EU Parliament | London |
| UK Parliament | Finchley & Golders Green |
| London Assembly | Barnet and Camden |
| List of places: UK • England • London | |
Finchley ( /ˈfɪntʃli/) is a district in Barnet in north London, England. Finchley is on high ground, about 11 km (6.8 mi) north of Charing Cross. It formed an ancient parish in the county of Middlesex, becoming a municipal borough in 1933, and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It is predominantly a residential suburb, with three town centres.
Contents |
| 1881 | 11,191 |
|---|---|
| 1891 | 16,647 |
| 1901 | 22,126 |
| 1911 | 39,419 |
| 1921 | 46,716 |
| 1931 | 58,964 |
| 1941 | war # |
| 1951 | 69,991 |
| 1961 | 69,370 |
| # no census was held due to war | |
| source: UK census | |
Finchley probably means Finch's clearing or finches' clearing in late Anglo-Saxon; the name was first recorded in the early 13th century.[1] Finchley is not recorded in the Domesday book, but by the 11th century its lands were already included in those of the Bishop of London.[2] In early medieval period the area was sparsely populated woodland. During the 12th and 13th century proper farming began, and by the 15th and 16th century the woods on the eastern side of the parish were cleared to form Finchley Common.[3] The medieval Great North Road, which ran through the common, was notorious for Highwaymen until the early 19th century.[1]
In the 1270s the parish church of St Mary is first recorded. The settlement at Church End grow up around it.[4] Near the northern gate to the Bishop of London's park the hamlet of East End, later East Finchley had begun to develop by 1365.[5][6]
The Edgware, Highgate and London Railway (later the Great Northern Railway) reached Finchley in 1867.[7] The route ran from Finsbury Park via Finchley to Edgware. The High Barnet branch opened from Finchley in 1872.
In 1905 tram services were established in Finchley, and extended shortly after to Barnet.[8] They were eventually replaced by trolley buses.[9]
In 1933, the Underground New Works Programme, 1935-1940 was announced, to electrify the lines through Finchley, and connect the Underground from Archway to East Finchley, via a new tunnel.
Much of the work was carried out, with East Finchley station being completely rebuilt, until stopped by the Second World War. All passenger services from Finchley to Edgware ended in September 1939. Nevertheless, Underground trains began running from central London to High Barnet in 1940, and to Mill Hill East, to reach the large army barracks, in 1941.
After the war, the introduction of London's Metropolitan Green Belt undermined pre-war plans, and the upgrading between Mill Hill East and Edgware (the 'Northern Heights' project) was abandoned, although the line continued to be used by steam trains for goods traffic through Finchley, until it closed completely in 1964.
From around 1547 Finchley had a parish vestry, which became a local board in 1878, an urban district in 1895, and finally a municipal borough between 1933 and 1965. It is now subsumed into the London Borough of Barnet.[10]
Finchley was from 1959 to 1992 the Parliamentary constituency of Margaret Thatcher, British Prime Minister from 1979 to 1990.[11] Finchley is now covered by the new constituency of Finchley and Golders Green.
In February 2010, The Green Party held their spring party conference at the artsdepot in North Finchley.[12]
Finchley is situated on a plateau, 90 metres (300 ft) above sea level about 11 km (6.8 mi) north of Charing Cross and about 6 km (3.7 mi) south of Barnet. To the west is the Dollis valley formed by Dollis Brook which is the natural western boundary of Finchley.[1] Mutton Brook forms the southern boundary, joining the Dollis Brook to become the River Brent. Geologically, Finchley is formed of three layers. Most of Finchley is on Boulder clay or glacial moraine, skirted by a layer of gravel, then the underlying layer of London clay. This roughly triangular gravel line was the most fertile area, hamlets grew at the three corners, which evolved into Finchley's early population centres[5] corresponding to the three town centres in the area:
The residential areas West Finchley in postcode district N3 and Woodside Park in postcode district N12 are centred on their respective tube stations to the west of the area.
The area of London known as Finchley Road, around Finchley Road tube station, is not part of Finchley, but instead refers to a commercial district in Swiss Cottage, Camden. The area is named after a section of the A41 road, which eventually runs north to Finchley.
| Totteridge | Whetstone | Friern Barnet | ||
| Mill Hill | Muswell Hill | |||
| Finchley | ||||
| Hendon | Golders Green | Highgate |
St Mary's at Finchley is the parish church, with parts dating from 13th century. Avenue House is a large Victorian house (Grade II listed) situated on East End Road. College Farm is the last farm in Finchley, it was a model dairy farm, then a visitor attraction. The Phoenix Cinema in East Finchley with its 1930s art deco facade is one of the oldest purpose-built cinemas in the UK.
The Sternberg Centre for Judaism at 80 East End Road in Finchley is a Jewish cultural centre. It was founded to facilitate a number of important Reform and Liberal Jewish institutions, attached to the Movement for Reform Judaism.
The Archer is a 10-foot-tall (3.0 m) statue by Eric Aumonier of a kneeling archer captured as if having just released an arrow. Located on East Finchley tube station. The statue La Délivrance depicts a naked women holding a sword, it stands at the approach to Finchley from the south, in Regent's Park Road, just north of Henly's Corner.
Being in Greater London Transport for London is responsible for transport in Finchley. Finchley is served by four London Underground stations, all on the High Barnet branch of the Northern Line.
Two of London's major roads, the east-west A406 North Circular Road and the north-south A1 meet and briefly merge at Henly's Corner at the southern edge of Finchley.
North Finchley serves as a major bus hub with nine buses using bus stops around Tally Ho Corner.[13]
There are 17 primary schools in the district.[14]
There are six secondary schools. Three are voluntary aided schools, all Catholic: Bishop Douglass Catholic,[15] Finchley Catholic High[16] and St Michael's Catholic Grammar.[17] Two are community schools: Christ's College Finchley[18] and The Compton.[19] One is an academy, the 'Wren Academy',[20] named after Sir Christopher Wren, and sponsored by the Church of England.[21]
There is also a special school, Oak Lodge Special.
Woodhouse College in North Finchley is one of two colleges in the borough.[14]
The local football team is Wingate & Finchley which plays in the Southern League Eastern Division. It was founded as a specifically Jewish football club in 1946. The local rugby team is Finchley RFC. Finchley Cricket Club (founded 1832), plays in the Middlesex Premier League, with a pitch at Arden Field, East End Road, N3.[22]
Veolia Water Central Limited, formerly Three Valleys Water, supplies Finchley's water; the area is in the south-east corner of the company's water supply area.[23] EDF Energy Networks is the Distribution network operator licensed to distribute electricity from the transmission grid to homes and businesses in Finchley.
The Finchley Memorial Hospital, on Granville Road North Finchley, is a small NHS hospital administrated by NHS Barnet, a primary care trust. Built with local donations in 1908 it was originally called Finchley Cottage Hospital, but renamed and expanded after the First World War as a war memorial.[24] London Ambulance Service responds to medical emergencies in Finchley. Home Office policing in Finchley is provided by the Metropolitan Police Service. Statutory emergency fire service is provided by the London Fire Brigade, which has a station on Long Lane.
The artsdepot, a community arts centre including a gallery, studio and theatre, opened in 2004, at Tally Ho Corner, North Finchley.[25]
Victoria Park is located off Ballards Lane between North Finchley and Finchley Central. It was proposed in 1887 to mark Queen Victoria’s Golden Jubilee, and opened in 1902 to become Finchley's first public park.[26]
William Hogarth painted his satirical 'March of the Guards to Finchley' in 1750. It is a depiction of a fictional mustering of troops on the Tottenham Court Road to march north to Finchley to defend the capital from the second Jacobite rebellion of 1745.
A number of fictional characters have been associated with the area, including:
Sir William Shee, the first Roman Catholic judge to sit in England and Wales since the Reformation lived in Finchley.[1] The novelist Charles Dickens wrote Martin Chuzzlewit whilst staying at Cobley Farm near Bow Lane, North Finchley.[27] Octavia Hill, a social reformer and a founder of the National Trust, Kyrle Society and the Army Cadet movement. She lived at Brownswell Cottages on the High Road in East Finchley just south of the junction with the North Circular Road today.[28][29] Harry Beck, an engineering draftsman who created the present London Underground Tube map in 1931,[30] lived in Finchey. There is a plaque commemorating him along with a copy of his original map on the southbound platform at Finchley Central tube station. Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, 1979–1990, was Conservative MP for Finchley from 1959 to 1992,[11] although she never lived in the area, instead preferring to live in Dulwich and Chelsea before and after her time in Downing Street. Spike Milligan, the comedian who was the chief creator and main writer of The Goon Show, lived in Woodside Park from 1955 to 1974. He was president and patron of the Finchley Society.[31] Private John Parr, the first British soldier and the first soldier of the Commonwealth killed in World War I was born in Church End Finchley, and lived at 52 Lodge Lane, North Finchley.
Finchley Borough had four twin towns, the London Borough of Barnet continues these links.
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