Federal subjects of Russia

Russia

This article is part of the series:
Politics and government of
Russia

Other countries · Atlas
Politics portal

Russia is a federation which, since March 1, 2008, consists of 83 federal subjects (members of the Federation; Russian: субъект федерации, subyekt federatsii).[1] In 1993, when the Constitution was adopted, there were 89 federal subjects listed. By 2008 the number of federal subjects had been decreased to 83 because of mergers.

The federal subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation — two delegates each — in the Federation Council (upper house of the Federal Assembly). They do, however, differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy.

Contents

Types

Each federal subject belongs to one of the following types:

 21 republics (Russian: республика, respublika) — nominally autonomous, each has its own constitution and legislature; is represented by the federal government in international affairs; is meant to be home to a specific ethnic minority.
46 oblasts (provinces; Russian: область, oblast') — most common type of federal subjects with federally appointed governor and locally elected legislature. Commonly named after their administrative centers.
9 krais (territories; Russian: край, kray)—essentially the same as oblasts. The title "territory" is historic, originally given because they were once considered frontier regions.
1 autonomous oblast (autonomous province; Russian: автономная область, avtonomnaya oblast')—the only autonomous oblast is the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
4 autonomous okrugs (autonomous districts; Russian: автономный округ, avtonomny okrug) — with substantial or predominant ethnic minority.
2 federal cities (Russian: город федерального значения, gorod federal'nogo znacheniya) — major cities that function as separate regions.

List of federal subjects

The subjects have both numerical codes and two- or three-letter ISO 3166-2:RU codes. The numerical codes span from 01 to 92, although nine of them (41, 59, 75, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, and 88) are no longer in use after mergers.

Code Name Capital/administrative centre
(Largest city given if not capital)		 Flag Coat of arms Federal district Economic region Area (km²)[2] Population[3]
01 Adygea, Republic of Maykop Southern North Caucasus 7,600 447,109
02 Bashkortostan, Republic of Ufa Volga Urals 143,600 4,104,336
03 Buryatia, Republic of Ulan-Ude Siberian East Siberian 351,300 981,238
04 Altai Republic Gorno-Altaysk Siberian West Siberian 92,600 202,947
05 Dagestan, Republic of Makhachkala North Caucasian North Caucasus 50,300 2,576,531
06 Ingushetia, Republic of Magas
(Largest city: Nazran)		 North Caucasian North Caucasus 4,000 467,294
07 Kabardino-Balkar Republic Nalchik North Caucasian North Caucasus 12,500 901,494
08 Kalmykia, Republic of Elista Southern Volga 76,100 292,410
09 Karachay-Cherkess Republic Cherkessk North Caucasian North Caucasus 14,100 439,470
10 Karelia, Republic of Petrozavodsk Northwestern Northern 172,400 716,281
11 Komi Republic Syktyvkar Northwestern Northern 415,900 1,018,674
12 Mari El Republic Yoshkar-Ola Volga Volga-Vyatka 23,200 727,979
13 Mordovia, Republic of Saransk Volga Volga-Vyatka 26,200 888,766
14 Sakha (Yakutia) Republic Yakutsk Far Eastern Far Eastern 3,103,200 949,280
15 North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of Vladikavkaz North Caucasian North Caucasus 8,000 710,275
16 Tatarstan, Republic of Kazan Volga Volga 68,000 3,779,265
17 Tuva Republic Kyzyl Siberian East Siberian 170,500 305,510
18 Udmurt Republic Izhevsk Volga Urals 42,100 1,570,316
19 Khakassia, Republic of Abakan Siberian East Siberian 61,900 546,072
20 Chechen Republic Grozny North Caucasian North Caucasus 15,300 1,103,686
21 Chuvash Republic Cheboksary Volga Volga-Vyatka 18,300 1,313,754
22 Altai Krai Barnaul Siberian West Siberian 169,100 2,607,426
92 Zabaykalsky Krai Chita Siberian East Siberian 431,500 1,155,346
91 Kamchatka Krai Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Far Eastern Far Eastern 472,300 358,801
23 Krasnodar Krai Krasnodar Southern North Caucasus 76,000 5,125,221
24 Krasnoyarsk Krai Krasnoyarsk Siberian East Siberian 2,339,700 2,966,042
90 Perm Krai Perm Volga Urals 160,600 2,819,421
25 Primorsky Krai Vladivostok Far Eastern Far Eastern 165,900 2,071,210
26 Stavropol Krai Stavropol North Caucasian North Caucasus 66,500 2,735,139
27 Khabarovsk Krai Khabarovsk Far Eastern Far Eastern 788,600 1,436,570
28 Amur Oblast Blagoveshchensk Far Eastern Far Eastern 363,700 902,844
29 Arkhangelsk Oblast Arkhangelsk Northwestern Northern 587,400 1,336,539
30 Astrakhan Oblast Astrakhan Southern Volga 44,100 1,005,276
31 Belgorod Oblast Belgorod Central Central Black Earth 27,100 1,511,620
32 Bryansk Oblast Bryansk Central Central 34,900 1,378,941
33 Vladimir Oblast Vladimir Central Central 29,000 1,523,990
34 Volgograd Oblast Volgograd Southern Volga 113,900 2,699,223
35 Vologda Oblast Vologda
(Largest city: Cherepovets)		 Northwestern Northern 145,700 1,269,568
36 Voronezh Oblast Voronezh Central Central Black Earth 52,400 2,378,803
37 Ivanovo Oblast Ivanovo Central Central 21,800 1,148,329
38 Irkutsk Oblast Irkutsk Siberian East Siberian 767,900 2,581,705
39 Kaliningrad Oblast Kaliningrad Northwestern Kaliningrad 15,100 955,281
40 Kaluga Oblast Kaluga Central Central 29,900 1,041,641
42 Kemerovo Oblast Kemerovo
(Largest city: Novokuznetsk)		 Siberian West Siberian 95,500 2,899,142
43 Kirov Oblast Kirov Volga Volga-Vyatka 120,800 1,503,529
44 Kostroma Oblast Kostroma Central Central 60,100 736,641
45 Kurgan Oblast Kurgan Urals Urals 71,000 1,019,532
46 Kursk Oblast Kursk Central Central Black Earth 29,800 1,235,091
47 Leningrad Oblast Largest city: Gatchina[a] Northwestern Northwestern 84,500 1,669,205
48 Lipetsk Oblast Lipetsk Central Central Black Earth 24,100 1,213,499
49 Magadan Oblast Magadan Far Eastern Far Eastern 461,400 182,726
50 Moscow Oblast Largest city: Balashikha[b] Central Central 45,900 6,618,538
51 Murmansk Oblast Murmansk Northwestern Northern 144,900 892,534
52 Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Nizhny Novgorod Volga Volga-Vyatka 76,900 3,524,028
53 Novgorod Oblast Veliky Novgorod Northwestern Northwestern 55,300 694,355
54 Novosibirsk Oblast Novosibirsk Siberian West Siberian 178,200 2,692,251
55 Omsk Oblast Omsk Siberian West Siberian 139,700 2,079,220
56 Orenburg Oblast Orenburg Volga Urals 124,000 2,179,551
57 Oryol Oblast Oryol Central Central 24,700 860,262
58 Penza Oblast Penza Volga Volga 43,200 1,452,941
60 Pskov Oblast Pskov Northwestern Northwestern 55,300 760,810
61 Rostov Oblast Rostov-on-Don Southern North Caucasus 100,800 4,404,013
62 Ryazan Oblast Ryazan Central Central 39,600 1,227,910
63 Samara Oblast Samara Volga Volga 53,600 3,239,737
64 Saratov Oblast Saratov Volga Volga 100,200 2,668,310
65 Sakhalin Oblast Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Far Eastern Far Eastern 87,100 546,695
66 Sverdlovsk Oblast Yekaterinburg Urals Urals 194,800 4,486,214
67 Smolensk Oblast Smolensk Central Central 49,800 1,049,574
68 Tambov Oblast Tambov Central Central Black Earth 34,300 1,178,443
69 Tver Oblast Tver Central Central 84,100 1,471,459
70 Tomsk Oblast Tomsk Siberian West Siberian 316,900 1,046,039
71 Tula Oblast Tula Central Central 25,700 1,675,758
72 Tyumen Oblast Tyumen Urals West Siberian 1,435,200 3,264,841
73 Ulyanovsk Oblast Ulyanovsk Volga Volga 37,300 1,382,811
74 Chelyabinsk Oblast Chelyabinsk Urals Urals 87,900 3,603,339
76 Yaroslavl Oblast Yaroslavl Central Central 36,400 1,367,398
77 Moscow — Central Central 1,100 10,382,754
78 Saint Petersburg — Northwestern Northwestern 1,439 4,662,547
79 Jewish Autonomous Oblast Birobidzhan Far Eastern Far Eastern 36,000 190,915
83 Nenets Autonomous Okrug Naryan-Mar Northwestern Northern 176,700 41,546
86 Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra Khanty-Mansiysk
(Largest city: Surgut)		 Urals West Siberian 523,100 1,432,817
87 Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Anadyr Far Eastern Far Eastern 737,700 53,824
89 Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Salekhard
(Largest city: Novy Urengoy)		 Urals West Siberian 750,300 507,006

References

  1. ^ Constitution, Article 65
  2. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_03.xls. Retrieved 2008-04-18. 
  3. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_04_1.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-23. 

Oblasts

There are 46 oblasts (Russian: область; "provinces").

1. Amur
2. Arkhangelsk
3. Astrakhan
4. Belgorod
5. Bryansk
6. Chelyabinsk
7. Chita
8. Irkutsk
9. Ivanovo
10. Kaliningrad
11. Kaluga
12. Kemerovo
13. Kirov
14. Kostroma
15. Kurgan
16. Kursk

17. Leningrad
18. Lipetsk
19. Magadan
20. Moscow
21. Murmansk
22. Nizhny Novgorod
23. Novgorod
24. Novosibirsk
25. Omsk
26. Orenburg
27. Oryol
28. Penza
29. Pskov
30. Rostov
31. Ryazan
32. Sakhalin

33. Samara
34. Saratov
35. Smolensk
36. Sverdlovsk
37. Tambov
38. Tomsk
39. Tver
40. Tula
41. Tyumen
42. Ulyanovsk
43. Vladimir
44. Volgograd
45. Vologda
46. Voronezh
47. Yaroslavl

Krais

There are 9 krais (Russian: край; territories).

  1. Altai Krai
  2. Kamchatka Krai
  3. Khabarovsk Krai
  4. Krasnodar Krai
  5. Krasnoyarsk Krai
  6. Perm Krai
  7. Primorsky Krai
  8. Stavropol Krai
  9. Zabaykalsky Krai

Federal cities

There are 2 federal cities: Moscow and Saint Petersburg.


Map # Code ISO Code Name Flag Coat of arms Federal district Economic region Area (km²)[1] Population[2]
1 77 MOW Moscow Central Central 1,100 10,382,754
2 78 SPE Saint Petersburg Northwestern Northwestern 1,439 4,662,547

Autonomous oblast

There is one autonomous oblast, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast.

Mergers

Starting in 2005, some of the federal subjects were merged into larger territories. The merging process was finished on March 1, 2008. No new mergers have been planned since March 2008.

Original territories Original codes New code Date of referendum Date of merger Merger
1, 1a 59 (1), 81 (1a) 90 December 7, 2003 December 1, 2005 Perm Oblast (1) + Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug (1a) → Perm Krai
2, 2a, 2b 24 (2), 88 (2a), 84 (2b) 24 April 17, 2005 January 1, 2007 Krasnoyarsk Krai (2) + Evenk Autonomous Okrug (2a) + Taymyr Autonomous Okrug (2b) → Krasnoyarsk Krai
3, 3a 41 (3), 82 (3a) 91 October 23, 2005 July 1, 2007 Kamchatka Oblast (3) + Koryak Autonomous Okrug (3a) → Kamchatka Krai
4, 4a 38 (4), 85 (4a) 38 April 16, 2006 January 1, 2008 Irkutsk Oblast (4) + Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug (4a) → Irkutsk Oblast
5, 5a 75 (5), 80 (5a) 92 March 11, 2007 March 1, 2008 Chita Oblast (5) + Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug (5a) → Zabaykalsky Krai

Further proposals for mergers

The following merger proposals have been made in recent years; most have since become inactive.

Proposals Federal subjects Map
6, 6a Arkhangelsk Oblast + Nenets Autonomous Okrug = Pomorsky Krai
7, 7a, 7b Khabarovsk Krai + Jewish Autonomous Oblast + Amur Oblast = Amur Krai
8, 8a Magadan Oblast + Chukotka Autonomous Okrug = Magadan Krai
9, 9a, 9b Irkutsk Oblast + Buryat Republic + Zabaykalsky Krai = Baykalsky Krai
10, 10a, 10b Tyumen Oblast + Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug + Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug = Tyumen Krai
11, 11a, 11b Novosibirsk Oblast + Omsk Oblast + Tomsk Oblast = Novosibirsk Krai
12, 12a, 12b Kemerovo Oblast + Altai Republic + Altai Krai = Altai Krai
13 St. Petersburg + Leningrad Oblast = Leningrad Oblast
14 Moscow + Moscow Oblast = Moscow Oblast
15, 15a Yaroslavl Oblast + Kostroma Oblast = Yaroslavl Krai
16, 16a Novgorod Oblast + Pskov Oblast = Novgorod Krai
17, 17a Krasnodar Krai + Republic of Adygea = Krasnodar Krai
18, 18a Republic of Ingushetia + Chechen Republic = Checheno-Ingushetia

See also

References

  1. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_03.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-18. 
  2. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_04_1.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-23. 

Sources

Federal subjects
Republics
Krais
Oblasts
Federal cities
Autonomous oblasts
Autonomous okrugs

1administratively subordinated to Tyumen Oblast 2 administratively subordinated to Arkhangelsk Oblast

Federal districts
Lists of federal subjects of Russia
By

Population (density) · Gross Regional Product · Literacy rate · Total fertility rate · Substance abuse · HDI · Life expectancy · Highest point · Murder rate · Unemployment · Name etymology
Other
First-level administrative divisions in Europe
Sovereign
states
States with limited
recognition

Abkhazia3 · Kosovo · Northern Cyprus2 · South Ossetia3
1 Has part of its territory outside Europe. 2 Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in West Asia. 3 Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the definition of the border.
Articles on first-level administrative divisions of Asian countries