Factor Ten refers to the possibility of creating products and services that have a massively lower resource intensity than the conventional alternative.
It evolved from the concept of Factor Four, as developed at the Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy.[1][2]
Factor Ten goes further as a response to the United Nations Environment Programme call for a tenfold reduction in resource consumption in the industrialised countries as a necessary long-term target if adequate resources are to be released for the needs of the developing countries.[3]
Factor X concept is the direct way of utilising metric and various activities that can reduce the throughput of resources and energy in the given process. The essential question is: by what factor can or should certain flows be reduced? It is a useful tool to monitor the performance of business in terms of dematerialization.[4]