Exostema

Exostema
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Rubiaceae
Subfamily: Cinchonoideae
Genus: Exostema
(Persoon) Richard ex Bonpland
Type species
Exostema caribaeum
( Jacquin) Roemer & Schultes

Exostema is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies.[1] Estimates of the number of species range from 25 [1] to 44. [2]

The type species for the genus is Exostema caribaeum.[3] It is a tree of Central America and the Caribbean. Its lumber is of limited use.[1]

Exostema was first named by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon as a subgenus of Cinchona.[4] It was first validly published as a genus by Aimé Bonpland in 1807.[5] [6] The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek words, exo, meaning "outside", and stema, "a stamen".[7]

Exostema is probably polyphyletic.[8]

Contents

Description

Exostema is a genus of neotropical trees and shrubs. The flowers have a slender corolla tube with recurved corolla lobes. The stamens are inserted near the base of the corolla tube and exserted well beyond its mouth. The anthers are long and basifixed. [9]

Species

The following species list may be incomplete or contain synonyms.

References

  1. ^ a b c David J. Mabberley. 2008. Mabberley's Plant-Book third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4
  2. ^ Exostema At: World Checklist of Rubiaceae At: Kew Gardens Website. (see External links below).
  3. ^ Exostema In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: Regnum Vegetabile (see External links below).
  4. ^ Christiaan Hendrik Persoon. 1805. Synopsis plantarum,seu Enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitarum /curante. 1:196. (see External links below).
  5. ^ Exostema in International Plant Names Index. (see External links below).
  6. ^ Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland. 1807. Plantes équinoxiales recueillies au Mexique :dans l'île de Cuba, dans les provinces de Caracas, de Cumana et de Barcelone, aux Andes de la Nouvelle Grenade, de Quito et du Pérou, et sur les bords du rio-Negro de Orénoque et de la rivière des Amazones. 1:131. F. Schoell: Paris, France. (see External links below).
  7. ^ Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names volume II. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington,DC;, USA. London, UK. ISBN 978-0-8493-2676-9 (vol. II).
  8. ^ Ulrika Manns and Birgitta Bremer. 2010. "Towards a better understanding of intertribal relationships and stable tribal delimitations within Cinchonoideae s.s. (Rubiaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56(1):21-39. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.002
  9. ^ Tim McDowell and Birgitta Bremer. 1998. "Phylogeny, diversity, and distribution in Exostema (Rubiaceae): implications of morphological and molecular analyses". Plant Systematics and Evolution 212(3-4):215-246.

External links