Essive case

The essive or similaris case (abbreviated ess) carries the meaning of a temporary location or state of being, often equivalent to the English "as a (child)".

In the Finnish language, this case is marked by adding "-na/-nä" to the stem of the noun.

• Example: lapsi "child" -> lapsena "as a child", "when (I) was a child".

In the Estonian language, this case is marked by adding "-na" to the genitive case.

• Example: laps "child" -> lapse "of child" -> lapsena "as a child", "when (I) was a child".

In Finnish, it is also used for specifying times, days and dates when something happens. For example: maanantaina -> "on Monday", kuudentena joulukuuta -> "on the 6th of December". Some expressions use the essive in the ancient locative meaning, e.g. "at home" is kotona. Observe the similarity to English "at home/in my home":

• Luen lehtiä kotona. "I read newspapers at home." If you use the inessive, kodissani, you contrast to reading them in the garage (a physical location) instead.
• Kodissani tehdään remonttia. "In my home, a renovation is underway."