Equilibrium
Equilibrium is the condition of a system in which competing influences are balanced. The word may refer to:
Science
Biology
- Equilibrioception, the sense of a balance present in human beings and other animals
- Equilibrium unfolding, the process of unfolding a protein or RNA molecule by gradually changing its environment
- Genetic equilibrium, theoretical state in which a population is not evolving
- Homeostasis, the ability of an open system, especially living organisms, to regulate its internal environment
- Punctuated equilibrium, theory in evolutionary biology
- Sedimentation equilibrium, analytical ultracentrifugation method for measuring protein molecular masses in solution
- Equilibrium Theory (Island biogeography), MacArthur-Wilson theory explaining biodiversity character of ecological islands
Physics
- Equilibrium figures of Earth and planets (physical geodesy)
- Equilibrium mode distribution, the state of fiber optic or waveguide transmission in which the propagation mode does not vary with distance along the fiber or changes in the launch mode
- Hydrostatic equilibrium, the state of a system in which compression due to gravity is balanced by a pressure gradient force
- Hyperbolic equilibrium point, a mathematical concept in physics
- Mechanical equilibrium, the state in which the sum of the forces, and torque, on each particle of the system is zero
- Radiative equilibrium, the state where the energy radiated is balanced by the energy absorbed
- Secular equilibrium, a state of radioactive elements in which the production rate of a daughter nucleus is balanced by its own decay rate
- Thermal equilibrium, a state where an object and its surroundings cease to exchange energy in the form of heat, i.e. they are at the same temperature.
Chemistry
- Chemical equilibrium, the state in which the concentrations of the reactants and products have no net change over time
- Diffusion equilibrium, when the concentrations of the diffusing substance in the two compartments are equal
- Donnan equilibrium, the distribution of ion species between two ionic solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane or boundary
- Dynamic equilibrium, the state in which two reversible processes occur at the same rate
- Equilibrium constant, a quantity characterizing a chemical equilibrium in a chemical reaction
- Partition equilibrium, a type of chromatography that is typically used in GC
- Quasistatic equilibrium, the quasi-balanced state of a thermodynamic system near to equilibrium in some sense or degree
- Schlenk equilibrium, a chemical equilibrium named after its discoverer Wilhelm Schlenk taking place in solutions of Grignard reagents
- Solubility equilibrium, any chemical equilibrium between solid and dissolved states of a compound at saturation
- Thermodynamic equilibrium, the state of a thermodynamic system which is in thermal, mechanical, and chemical equilibrium
- Vapor-liquid equilibrium, where the rates of condensation and vapourization of a material are equal
Other
- Social equilibrium, a system in which there is a dynamic working balance among its interdependent parts
- Equilibration, the means of cognitive development in Jean Piaget's cognitive developmental theory
Economics
- Competitive equilibrium, economic equilibrium when all buyers and sellers are small relative to the market
- Economic equilibrium, a condition in economics
- Equilibrium price, the price at which quantity supplied equals quantity demanded
- General equilibrium theory, a branch of theoretical microeconomics
- Intertemporal equilibrium, an equilibrium concept over time
- Lindahl equilibrium, a method proposed by Erik Lindahl for financing public goods
- Partial equilibrium, the equilibrium price and quantity which come from the cross of supply and demand in a competitive market.
- Radner equilibrium, an economic concept defined by economist Roy Radner in the context of general equilibrium
- Recursive competitive equilibrium, an economic equilibrium concept associated with a dynamic program
- Static equilibrium (economics), the intersection of supply and demand in any market
- Sunspot equilibrium, an economic equilibrium in which nonfundamental factors affect prices or quantities
- Underemployment equilibrium, a situation in Keynesian economics with a persistent shortfall relative to full employment and potential output
Game theory
Film and television
Music
Other
See also