| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
| 1-Cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolonecarboxylic acid | |
| Clinical data | |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| Pregnancy cat. | B3(AU) C(US) |
| Legal status | Prescription Only (S4) (AU) POM (UK) |
| Routes | Oral, subcutaneous injection, topical (ear drops) |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 80% in dogs, 65-75% in sheep [1] |
| Metabolism | Renal and non-renal[2] |
| Half-life | 4–5 hours in dogs, 6 hours in cats, 1.5 - 4.5 hours in sheep. |
| Excretion | Renal |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 93106-60-6 |
| ATCvet code | QJ01MA90 |
| PubChem | CID 71188 |
| ChemSpider | 64326 |
| UNII | 3DX3XEK1BN |
| KEGG | D02473 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:35720 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL15511 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C19H22FN3O3 |
| Mol. mass | 359.4 |
| SMILES | eMolecules & PubChem |
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Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic sold by the Bayer Corporation under the trade name Baytril. Enrofloxacin is currently FDA-approved for treatment of individual pets and domestic animals in the United States. In September 2005, the FDA withdrew approval of Baytril for use in water to treat flocks of poultry, as this practice was noted to promote the evolution of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of the bacterium Campylobacter, a human pathogen.[3] Fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin are widely used in the treatment of human disease.
It is a bactericidal agent. The bactericidal activity of enrofloxacin is concentration-dependent, with susceptible bacteria cell death occurring within 20–30 minutes of exposure. Enrofloxacin has demonstrated a significant post-antibiotic effect for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and is active in both stationary and growth phases of bacterial replication.
Contents |
Enrofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic agent from the class of the fluoroquinolone carboxylic acid derivatives. It has antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Its mechanism of action is not thoroughly understood, but it is believed to act by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase (a type-II topoisomerase), thereby preventing DNA supercoiling and DNA synthesis. It is effective against:
Variable activity against:
Ineffective against anaerobes
High drug resistance.
Baytril should not be used in rapidly-growing animals (for example dogs under 12 months - 18 months in large breeds, or kittens under 8 weeks) as it causes abnormalities in the development of articular cartilage.
It is unlikely that an acute overdose of either compound would result in symptoms more serious than either anorexia or vomiting, but the adverse effects noted above could occur. Dogs receiving 10 times the labeled dosage rate of enrofloxacin for at least 14 days developed only vomiting and anorexia. Death did occur in some dogs when fed 25 times the labeled rate for 11 days, however.
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