| Emirate of Jabal Shammar إمارة جبل شمر |
||||
|
||||
|
Flag |
||||
| Capital | Ha'il | |||
| Language(s) | Arabic, Persian, Ottoman Turkish | |||
| Religion | Shia Islam | |||
| Government | Monarchy | |||
| History | ||||
| - Battle of Mulayda | 1836 | |||
| - Unification of Saudi Arabia | 1921 | |||
The Emirate of Jabal Shammar, also known as the Emirate of Ha'il was a state in the Nejd region of Arabia, existing from the mid-nineteenth century to 1921.[1] Jabal Shammar (Arabic: جبل شمر) in English is translated as the "Mountain of the Shammar". Jabal Shammar's capital was Ha'il.[2] It was led by a monarchy of the the House of Rashid.
The Emirate of Jabal Shammar was established in 1836, and throughout most of its exstance was in feud with the House of Saud over control of Nejd. The Rashidis, rulers of Jabal Shammar, had succeeded in ousting the Saudis from Riyadh in the late 19th century, resulting in the abolishment of the Second Saudi State.
In 1902, Abdulaziz Ibn Saud succeeded in capturing his family's capital back, and began a campaign to reconquer the region - a campaign, which turned highly successful to the Saudis. After several clashes, the Rashidis and Saudis engaged into a full scaled war over the region of Qassim, which resulted in painful defeat of the Rashidis and death of the Rashidi emir Abdul Aziz ibn Mitaab al-Rashid. Since his death the Emirate of Jabal Shammar was gradually decreasing in its influence, being further pressed with the demise of its patron, the Ottoman Empire, during WWI.
The final stage of the Emirate of Jabal Shammar was terminated with Saudi campaign of late 1921. The Emirate surrendered to Saudis on November 2, 1921, and was subsequently incorporated into the Sultanate of Nejd.
|
||||||||||